39. Quote: Paus. vii.14.6. See also: Paus. vii.11–16; Diod. xxxii.9, 15; Vell. Pat. i.11; Flor. i.32.16; Dio xxi; Oros. vi.22; Livy Per. 48–51.
40. Paus. vii.13–16; Diod. xxxii.9, 15; Livy Per. 48–50; Dio xxi; Flor. i.32.16; Oros. vi.22; Vell. Pat. i.11.
41. Plut. Mar. 1; Flor. i.32.16; Paus. vii.16; Oros. v.3; Livy Per. 52.
42. Diod. xxxii.26–27; Vell. Pat. i.11–13; Strabo viii.23; Dio xxi; Flor. i.32.16; Oros. v.3; Livy Per. 52.
43. App. Pun. xvi.113-xix.132; Polyb. xxxviii.19–22; Diod. xxx.ii.22–25; Livy Per. 51; Dio xxi; Flor. i.31.15; Oros. vi.22; Strabo vi.4.2; Vell. Pat. i.12.
44. Quotes: Polyb. xxxviii.21, App. Pun. xix.132; Diod. xxxii.24.
CHAPTER 1: THE BEASTS OF ITALY
1. Cato, ORF, 2nd ed., p. 91.
2. Quote: Livy xxxvii.7. See also: Plut. TG 1; Sall. Jug. 42; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.6; Vell. Pat. ii.2; Dio xxiv.83.
3. Quote: Val. Max. iv.4.pr. See also: Plut. TG 1; Cic. Brut. 104; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.6; Vell. Pat. ii.2. More on Cornelia: Plut. TG 1, 4, 8; Cic. Brut. 104, 211, Div. ii.62; Tac. Orat. 28.
4. Quotes: Vell. Pat. ii.2. See also: Flor. ii.2.14; Cic. Har. Resp. 19.41; Plut. TG 2.
5. Plut. TG 8.
6. Plut. TG 4.
7. Quote: Cic. Har. Resp. 19.41. For more on Claudius: Plut. TG 4; Livy Per. 53; Cic. Cael. 34, Brut. 108, Rep. i.31, Scaur. 32; Val. Max 5.4.6; Oros. 5.4; Dio 74; “Plut.” Apoph. Sm.9.
8. Livy xxxiv.52, xxxvii.59, xli.7.
9. Quotes: Livy xxxiv.4; Pliny 33.53. Sumptuary Laws: Livy xxxiv.1, 8, xl.44; Val. Max. ix.1.3; Pliny NH x.71; Gell. ii.24; Tac. Ann. ii.33–34; Macr. xvii.3–6.
10. Quote: Sall. Jug. 41. See also: App. BC i.10; Plut. TG 8.
11. App. BC i.7; Sall. Jug. 41; Hor. Odes ii.18; Juv. xiv.140. On agriculture: Cato RR Preface; Cic. Off. 1.151.
12. Quote: App. BC i.7.
13. Quote: Plut. TG 8.
14. Cato RR 136; Pliny xviii.7; Cic. Off. 2.73.
15. For the Spanish Wars: App. Iber. ix-xii; Diod. xxxiii; Flor. xxxiv.
16. Livy Per. 48, 55; Cic. Leg. iii.20; Polyb. xxxv.4.
17. Quote: App. Iber. xiii.78. See also: Livy Per. 47, 57; Sall. Jug. 69; Plut. CG 9; Cic. Leg. iii.20.
18. Cic. Leg iii.35, Amic. 41, Brut. 97, Sest. 103; Pliny Min. Lett. 3.20.
19. For lowering property requirements: Livy i.43; Polyb. vi.19; Cic. Har. Resp. ii.40.
20. Plut. TG 5; Vell. Pat. ii.1–2; Flor. i.34.18; Oros. v.4; Eutr. iv.17; Livy Per. 55.
21. Plut. TG 5–6; Vell. Pat. ii.2. For the treaty of Gracchus the Elder: Polyb. xxxii.2; App. Iber. 43–44; Livy Per. 41.
22. Quote: Vell. Pat. ii.1. See also: Plut. TG 7; Dio xxiii.79; Flor. i.34.18; Oros. v.4; Eutr. iv.17; Livy Per. 55.
23. Plut. TG 7; Vell. Pat. ii.2; Dio xxiv.83; Flor. ii.2.14; Oros. v.8.
24. App. BC i.7–9; Plut. TG 8–9; Polyb. vi.17; Diony. xi.63; Gell. 4.12; Cic. Leg. iii.7.
25. App. BC i.9–10; Plut. TG 8; Livy xxxiv.48, vi.35, 42; Pliny NH xviii.17; Varro RR i.2.9; Cato ORF, 3rd ed., p. 65.
26. Plut TG 9. For Scaevola: Cic. Leg. ii.47–57, Verr. i.52, Brut. 108, 239, Orat. i.212, Off. 2.47, Rep. i.31, Fin. i.12. Mucianus: Cic. Orat. i.170, 239–40, Brut. 98, 127; Gell. i.13.19.
27. Quote: App. BC i.9. See also: App. BC i.7–9, 19–21. Plutarch does not mention the Italians at all.
28. See discussion in Bernstein, Tiberius Gracchus, ch. 4.
29. App. Iber. 84; Cic. Rep. vi.11; Vell. Pat. ii.4; Oros. v.7; Livy Per. 56.
30. App. Iber. 84; Plut. Mar. 36.
31. App. BC i.9–10; Plut. TG 9; Cic. Sest. 103, Leg. Agr. ii.81.
32. App. BC i.9; Plut. TG 9; Vell. Pat. ii.2; Oros. v.8; Livy Per. 55.
33. Quote: Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.6. See also: App. BC i.10.
34. Quote: Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.6. See also: App. BC i.11; Plut. TG 10; Dio xxiv.83.
35. Quotes: Plut. TG 9. See also: Flor. ii.2.14.
36. App. BC i.11–12; Plut. TG 10.
37. Quote: Plut. TG 10.
38. Plut. TG 10; Dio xxiv.83.
39. Quote: Dio xxiv.83. See also: Plut. TG 10; Gell. ii.13.
40. App. BC i.12; Plut. TG 11; Livy xxxiv.38; Polyb. vi.16.
41. Quote: App. BC i.12. See also: Plut. TG 11.
42. App. BC i.12; Plut. TG 11–12; Vell. Pat. ii.2; Flor. ii.2.14; Livy Per. 58.
43. See Taylor, Roman Voting Assemblies, ch. 3–4.
44. App. BC i.12; Plut. TG 12; Cic. Brut. 95, 222, Milo. 72, Leg. iii.24; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.1; Vell. Pat. ii.2; Flor. ii.2.14; Oros. v.8; Livy Per. 58.
45. App. BC i.12; Livy Per. 58.
46. App. BC i.9, 13; Plut. TG 13; Cic. Leg. iii.24, Milo 72, Brut. 95; Vell. Pat. ii.2; Flor. ii.2.14; Livy Per. 58.
47. Cic. Leg. Agr. ii.32; Plut. TG 13.
48. Quote: Plut. TG 13. See also: Gell. ii.13.
49. Plut. TG 14; Vell. Pat. ii.4; Strabo 13; Flor. i.35.20; Oros. v.8; Eutr. iv.18; Just. xxxvi.4; Livy Per. 58.
50. Quote: Flor. i.35.20. See also: Plut. TG 14; Pliny xxxiii.53; Oros. v.8; Livy Per. 58.
51. Quotes: Polyb. vi.13. See also: Plut. TG 14, Livy Per. 58.
52. App. BC i.14; Dio xxiv.83; Flor. ii.2.14; Oros. v.8.
53. App. BC i.14; Plut. TG 16; Dio xxiv.83.
54. App. BC i.14; Plut. TG 16; Dio xxiv.83.
