The Storm Before the Storm полностью

Gaius Marius and, 81–82, 84–86, 108–111, 113, 117–118, 129–131, 135–137, 140–141, 148–150, 176–178, 189–190, 193–195, 209–213

Italians in, 131

leadership, 109–111, 129, 190, 193

Marius the Younger and, 239

Norbanus and, 231–233, 240

novus homo and, 81–82, 84–86

Numidia and, xi, 88, 94–95, 103–113, 117–119, 122–124

Octavius and, 210

peasant armies, 48, 107

Metellus Pius and, 183, 207–208, 230, 232, 239–240

plague and, 210

Pompeius Magnus and, 177, 264

Pompeius Strabo and, 177–180, 205, 207, 210, 220

poverty and service in, 20, 21, 114

recruits from client-patron networks, 26

reforms, 135–137

in Rome, 197–202, 210–213

Sertorius and, 210, 232–235

slaves in, 114, 133, 150–151, 180, 196

Sulla and, 114, 116–119, 122–123, 131, 136, 149, 180–181, 185, 189, 193–197, 200–202, 205–209, 217–220, 235–242

See also cavalry

mines, state-owned, 51

Minturnae, 199–201

Mithridates I (King of Pontus), 185

Mithridates V (King of Pontus), 49, 65, 147, 175, 183, 186

Mithridates VI (King of Pontus)

in Asia, 188–189, 202, 208, 218–219

Cappadocia and, xiii, 190

debt cancellation and, 189

defeat of, 264

early years, 185–186

Gaius Marius and, xii, 186–188, 214–215

in Greece, 208

with massacre of Italians, 202

Nicomedes IV and, 188

Rome and, 147, 183

Sulla and, xiv, 219–220

with Tigranes I, xii, 187

mob tactics, 147–148, 154, 157–158

monarchy, 8

mos maiorum (“the way of the elders”)

break from, 27, 30–31, 34–37, 64, 113, 127, 136, 152, 194, 197

defined, 4, 128

Pomerium and, 197

Sulla and, 194, 197

Mucianus, Publius Licinius Crassus, 24–25, 48–49

mules, 135

Mummius, Lucius

consulship of, 13

in Corinth, ix, 1–2, 14

as quaestor, 10–11

triumph of, 11–12

murders

of Antonius, 212

of Asellio, 182

of Cinna (cos. 87–84), 223

of Drusus the Younger, xii, 171

of Gaius Memmius, 156

of Gaius Octavius, 212

of Julius Caesar, 264

of Nonius, 152

of Quintus Pompeius Rufus, 205

of Scaevola, 237–238

of Tiberius Gracchus, 35–37, 41, 60, 66, 75, 95

See also killings, political

Narbo, x, 86

Nasica, Publius Scipio, 32, 35–36, 40, 48

navy, Greek, 189

Nearer Spain, 6, 47

Nerva, Publius Licinius, 132

New Man. See novus homo

Nicomedes III (King of Bithynia), xiii, 175, 186, 187

Nicomedes IV (King of Bithynia), 187, 188

nobile, 10, 12, 56, 60, 137

Nola, 206, 207

noncitizens

citizenship reform and, x, 61–63, 67, 71–72, 161–165, 178–179, 207–208, 225–226, 229, 255

foreign provincials as, 262

Italians as, 25, 43, 71, 162–165, 168, 229

Lex Agraria and, 25, 28

population, 43

Roman citizenship for some, 178–179, 225–226

See also Allies

Nonius, xii, 152

Norbanus, Gaius

consulship of, 227–228

as governor of Sicily, 226

military and, 231–233, 240

proscriptions and, 247, 249

violence and, 138, 145

Noreia, x, 101–102, 106, 124, 141

North Africa

Bocchus and, 122

colonies, 72–73, 74, 199

famine in, 68

Masinissa and, 88

novus homo (New Man)

discrimination against, 10, 11, 13, 83, 92, 117, 125

military and, 81–82, 84–86

populare assault and, 106

Numa (King of Rome), 3

Numantia, fall of, ix, 40–41, 56, 63, 82, 88

Numantines, 22–23

Numidia (Algeria)

bribery and, 88, 90, 94, 102, 105

cavalry, 88, 107

Gaius Marius in, 108–111, 117–119, 122, 124

Opimius in, 89–90

political killings in, 93–94, 97

Quintus Caecilius Metellus (Numidicus) in, xi, 103–112, 117–118

Sallust on war in, 106

Scaurus in, 93, 94–95, 102

Sulla in, 118–119, 122–124

treasury, 89, 110

See also Jugurtha

Numidicus, Metellus. See Metellus, Quintus Caecilius (Numidicus)

Octavius, Gnaeus

consulship of, 204–205, 206

military and, 210

murder of, 212

plebs urbana and, 206–207, 210

Octavius, Marcus, 29–31, 67

oligarchy

rise of, 8–10, 260

secret ballots to defy, 22

On the Orators (Cicero), 169

Opimius, Lucius

consulship of, 73–77

against Gaius Gracchus, 75–78

in Numidia, 89–90

sack of Fregellae and, x, 63

optimates, as political faction, 52, 79–80, 83, 106, 154, 169

Oracle at Delphi, 86, 121, 214

the Orator. See Crassus, Lucius Licinius

oratory, 169

Antonius and, 66

Crassus and, 83–84, 86, 120–121

Gracchi and, 28

theatrical, 60, 64–65

Orchomenus, xiii, 218

Ostia, 137, 199, 210

Palatine Hill, 76, 212

Parthian Empire, 175

Paterculus, Velleius

on dangerous precedents, 37

on fortunes of families, 174

on Cinna, 223

“path of honors.” See cursus honorum

patricians, 3, 4, 10

patrons. See client-patron networks

Paullus, Lucius Aemilius, 6–7

Pausanias, on madness, 14

peasants

with anarchy, 46

army, 48, 107

colonies and, 68

with Gaius Marius, 200

optimates and, 152

as tenant-farmers, 20–21

Pergamum, 33, 40, 46, 48, 49, 188

See also Asia; Attalus III

Perseus (King of Macedon), 6

Persian Empire, 175

Philip V (King of Macedon), 5–6

Philippus, Lucius Marcius, 134, 168–170, 173, 231

Phrygia, 49

Picenum, 179, 189, 234, 239, 255

Piraeus, 209, 214

Pius, Metellus. See Metellus, Quintus Caecilius (Pius)

Placenta, 210

plague

of locusts, 68

military and, 210

Plebeian Assembly, 3, 9, 264–265

plebeians

as clients, 4

Conflict of the Orders and, 3, 10

plebs urbana (residents of Rome)

Anti-Senate and, 192

citizenship reform and, 62, 226

conscription of, 114

food shortage and, 181

Gaius Marius and, 70, 87, 152, 157, 261

grain prices and, 68–69, 87, 153–154, 167–168