The Storm Before the Storm полностью

bribes senators, 90

campaigns of, xi, 89, 103–105, 107–108, 110–112, 117–119

death of, 128

fall of, xi, 122–124

massacre of Italians, x, 93

murders Adherbal, x, 93

murders Hiempsal, x, 89

Opimius and, x, 88–89

in Rome, xi, 96–97

Scaurus and, xi, 93–94

Scipio Aemilianus on, 88–89

at siege of Numantia, 88

Jupiter. See Temple of Jupiter

Justin, 121

killings, political

assassinations, 169, 177, 186

of citizens seeking regal power, 9

murders, xii, 35–37, 41, 60, 66, 75, 93, 95, 97, 152, 156, 158, 171, 182, 205, 211–213, 223, 237–238, 264

in Numidia, 93–94, 97

proscriptions, xiv, 247–250, 259, 263, 264

sanctioned, 75–80, 95, 157–158

as triggers for upheaval, 74–75

See also heads

Laenas, Publius Popilius, 39, 67

land

ager publicus, 24, 27, 29, 54, 68–69

conscription and, 22, 113–114

disputed, 53–54

elite with ownership of, 20, 27

Latin Rights with, 53

redistribution, 134, 154, 161–162, 168–170

rent-free, 73

Roman citizenship in exchange for, 163

slaves to work, 20–21

social reform and, ix, 20–21, 24–25, 27–34, 40, 54–57, 67–68, 154

for veterans, 138, 139

See also Lex Agraria

landlords, tenant-farmers and, 20–21

Laodice (Queen of Pontus), 186

Latin Rights, 52–53, 71–72, 163–164, 179

See also citizens, Latin

Latium, 52, 173, 255

Law of the Twelve Tables, 39

laws

debt, 216–217

deposition, 30–31

flouting of, 39–40

Lex Agraria, ix, 24–25, 27–34, 40, 55, 60, 78

Roman citizenship, xiii, 178–179, 182, 206

tribunals, 67

weapons, 35

See also mos maiorum

leadership, military, 109–111, 129, 190, 193

legati, 47, 94

legislative assemblies, secret ballots for, x, 42

Lepidus, 259, 263

Lesbos, 189

Lex Agraria

amendments, 78

elite against, 30

enforcement of, 32–34

social reform and, ix, 24–25, 27–34, 40, 55, 60

Lex Julia, xiii, 178, 182, 206

Lex Plautia Papiria, 179

Lex Pompeia, 179

libertas (civil liberty), 52

Livy, on Tiberius Gracchus, 17

locusts, 68

Longinus, Lucius Cassius (cos. 107), 119

Longinus, Lucius Cassius (trib. 104), 133–134, 137

Lucullus, Lucius Licinius (the Elder)

exile, 140

Second Servile War and, 139–140

Lucullus, Lucius Licinius (the Younger)

lets Mithridates escape, 218–219

as quaestor who marches with Sulla, 195

in search of a navy, 209

Lupus, Publius Rutilius, 174, 176

Lusitanians, 11

Macedon, 47

annexation of, 14

fall of, 5–6, 7

Macedonia, 85

borders, 101–102

creation of, 14

Scordisci tribe in, 102

Macedonicus, Metellus. See Metellus, Quintus Caecilius (Macedonicus)

magistrates, 47, 153

with abuse of power, 162–163

junior and senior, 9, 11

Magnus, Gnaeus Pompeius. See Pompeius Magnus, Gnaeus (Pompey the Great)

Mamilian Commission, xi, 105–106

Mamilius, Gaius, 105

Mancinus, Gaius Hostilius, 22–23

maniple, 136

Marius, Gaius

with barbarians, 129–130

with citizenship reform, 163–164

as conqueror of Rome, 210–213

consulships of, xi, xii, xiii, 127, 136, 139, 151–153, 155–157, 215

as enemy of state, 197–202

fall of, 158–159, 200–202, 213

influence of, x, 116, 125, 175, 216, 263–264

military and, 81–82, 84–86, 108–111, 113, 117–118, 129–131, 135–137, 140–141, 148–150, 176–178, 189–190, 193–195, 209–213

Mithridates VI and, xii, 186–187

plebs urbana and, 70, 87, 152, 157, 261

as praetor, 90–92, 122, 123

rise of, 106, 112–113, 117

slave revolts and, 132–133

Sulla and, 116, 118, 122, 128, 131, 149, 175–176, 193, 195–197, 199–200, 214

as tribune, 86–87

triumph of, 127–128, 151

Marius, Gaius (the Younger)

death of, 242, 251

military and, 239

political killings and, 237–238

against Sulla, 199–200, 235–237

market days, voting and, 27–28

Marsi tribe, 172

Marsic War, 172

See also Social War

martyrs, 78–79, 146

Masinissa (King of Numidia), 88

Massacres

of Gracchans, 35–36, 77

of Italians, x, xiii, 93–94, 202

proscriptions and, 247, 250

of Samnites, 237, 242, 246

Spiked Boots, 211–213

Massilia, 62, 85, 121

Massiva (King of Numidia), xi, 97

Mauretania, 112, 119, 122–123

See also Bocchus

Maximus, Gnaeus Mallius, 125–126, 138

Maximus, Quintus Fabius, 136

Memmius, Gaius, xi, 95–96, 133, 156

Merula, 206, 211, 212

Metelli family, 82–87

Metellus, Lucius Caecilius, 82

Metellus, Quintus Caecilius (Macedonicus), 14, 82

Metellus, Quintus Caecilius (Numidicus)

as censor, 146–147

consulship of, 103

exile of, xii, 152, 155, 158

Gaius Marius and, 108–113, 117–118, 155

military campaign in Numidia, xi, 103–112, 117–118

with Saturninus, 146–147, 152, 155, 158

with title Numidicus, 117

Metellus, Quintus Caecilius (Pius)

Cinna (cos. 87–84) and, 211, 230

consulship of, 189, 256–258

with exile of father, 158

military and, 183, 207–208, 230, 232, 239–240

Samnites and, 207–208, 210

Sertorius and, 263

with Sulla, xiv, 230, 232, 239–240, 256–258

violence and, 174

Metrobius, 115

Micipsa (King of Numidia), x, 88–89

middle class. See Equestrian class

migration

of Cimbri tribe, x, 99–101, 106–107, 131

Italian, 162

military

Aquillius and, 187–189

Asiaticus and, 231–234

Carbo and, 206, 210, 212, 225–226

Cimbri tribe against, xi, 101, 107, 119, 121, 124–127, 140–144, 148–150

Cinna (cos. 87–84) and, 206–213

colony, x, xii, 85–86, 140–142

conscription, 19–22, 113–114

costs, 69

with expansion, 85–86