скептически. Когда все эти статистические данные указывают в одном направлении, они заслуживают определенного внимания. Floud et al., 298-99; J. David Hacker, "Decennial Life Tables for the White Population of the United States, 1790-1900," Historical Methods 43, no. 2 (April 2010), 45-79; Barry Muchnick, "Publics of Nature: Сообщества экологической гражданственности в прогрессивную эпоху", доклад на конференции Американского общества экологической истории (Сиэтл, 2016).
5
Таблица 1, в Michael R. Haines, "Estimated Life Tables for the United States," Historical Methods 31, no. 4 (1998): 154-55; Floud et al., 321; Hacker, 52, 55-56, 65; Costa, 503.
6
Роберт Дж. Гордон, Взлет и падение американского роста: The U.S. Standard of Living since the Civil War (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016), 207-13; Costa, 515-16; S. J. Kleinberg, The Shadow of the Mills: Working-Class Families in Pittsburgh, 1870-1907 (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1989), 106-8.
7
Шейла М. Ротман, Жизнь в тени смерти: Tuberculosis and the Social Experience of Illness in American History (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,
1995)> 13-18, 131.
8
Коста, 503, 548.
9
Angus Deaton, The Great Escape: Health, Wealth, and the Origins of Inequality (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2013), 141-47, 156-58; Dora L. Costa and Richard Steckel, "Long-Term Trends in Health, Welfare, and Economic Growth in the United States", in Health and Welfare During Industrialization, ed. Richard Steckel and Roderick Floud (Chicago: University of Chicago Press), 50; Costa, 545; Hacker, 52-53, 56; Gordon, 83-84.
10
Марко Сандер, "Разрыв в росте в Америке XIX века: Net-Nutritional Advantage of the Elite Increased at the Onset of Modern Economic Growth," Economics & Human Biology 11, no. 3 (2013): 245-58.
11
Gordon, 209; Katherine G. Morrissey, Mental Territories: Mapping the Inland Empire (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997), 32; Edward T. O'Donnell, Henry George and the Crisis of Inequality: Progress and Poverty in the Gilded Age (New York: Columbia University Press, 2015), 76-80.
12
Лучшая биография Сноу и подробный рассказ о холере - Peter Vinten-Johansen, Howard Brody, Nigel Paneth, Stephen Rachman, and Michael Rip, Cholera, Chloroform, and the Science of Medicine: A Life of John Snow (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003); Harold L. Platt, Shock Cities: The Environmental Transformation and Reform of Manchester and Chicago (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005), 188-89.
13
Платт, 381.
14
Мартин В. Мелоси, Санитарный город: Urban Infrastructure in America from Colonial Times to the Present (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000), 44-67.
15
Тед Стейнберг, Gotham Unbound: The Ecological History of Greater New York (New York: Simon & Schuster 2014), 117; Melosi, 48.
16
Melosi, 69-71; Edwin T. Layton, The Revolt of the Engineers Social Responsibility and the American Engineering Profession (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), 3, 5-9.
17
Мелоси, 73-75; Лейтон, 56-58.
18
Карл С. Смит, Городская вода, городская жизнь: Water and the Infrastructure of Ideas in Urbanizing Philadelphia, Boston, and Chicago (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013), 42-50, 136.
19
Platt, 188-89; C. S. Smith, 136.
20
Ричард Уайт, Railroaded: The Transcontinentals and the Making of Modern America (New York: Norton, 2011), 88.
21
Чарльз Э. Розенберг, "Годы холеры: The United States in 1832, 1849, and 1866 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), 189-94, 199-205, 210-11; "New York and the Cholera," The Nation 2, № 28 (1866): 40-41.
22
Терренс Дж. Макдональд, Параметры городской фискальной политики: Социально-экономические изменения и политическая культура в Сан-Франциско, 1860-1906 (Беркли: Издательство Калифорнийского университета, 1986), 40; Robin L. Einhorn, Property Rules: Political Economy in Chicago, 1833-1872 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991), 76-78, 91, 99-103.
23
Einhorn, 134-43, 206-16.
24
Einhorn, 205-9.
25
Там же, 210-14.
26
Там же, 210-15.
27
Уильям Кронон, Метрополис природы: Chicago and the Great West (New York: Norton, 1991)> 233-35> 249-57.
28
Луиза Кэрролл Уэйд, Гордость Чикаго: The Stockyards, Packingtown, and Environs in the Nineteenth Century (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987), 47-57, 68-69, 98-99, 177; Cronon, 282-84; Stephanie W. Greenberg, "Industrial Location and Ethnic Residential Patterns in an Industrializing City: Philadelphia, 1880", в книге Theodore Hershberg, ed., Philadelphia: Work, Space, Family, and Group Experience in the Nineteenth Century: Essays towards an Interdisciplinary History of the City. Philadelphia Social History Project (New York: Oxford University Press, 1981), 204-29.
29
Einhorn, 206-16, C. S. Smith, 236; Cronon, 249-50.
30
