Yeltsin полностью

11 Yel’tsin, Ispoved’, 140; Mikhail Gorbachev, Zhizn’ i reformy (Life and reforms), 2 vols. (Moscow: Novosti, 1995), 1:374–75.

12 Gorbachev recounted his comment to Yeltsin in response to a question from the author during a visit to the Gorbachev Foundation by a Harvard University study group, September 11, 2002.

13 In 1960 the Kremlin transferred Molotov to Vienna as ambassador to the International Atomic Energy Agency. It recalled him in 1961 and excluded him from the party. His ally, Georgii Malenkov, another former prime minister, was given internal exile as director of a hydroelectric station near Ust-Kamenogorsk, in northern Kazakhstan. “He and his wife were removed from the train twenty-five miles west of Ust-Kamenogorsk (lest he receive a warm greeting there) and driven directly to the tiny settlement of Albaketka, where they lived in a small dark house until the summer of 1958. At that point . . . Khrushchev dumped him even deeper into exile in the town of Ekibastuz, where police observed every move, shadowed his children when they came to visit, and even stole his party card and then accused him of losing it so as to threaten him with expulsion from the party.” Lazar Kaganovich, a confederate of Molotov and Malenkov, was sent to manage a potash plant in Solikamsk, in Perm oblast just north of Berezniki. William Taubman, Khrushchev: The Man and His Era (New York: Norton, 2003), 369.

14 Boris Yeltsin, third interview with the author (September 12, 2002).

15 Gorbachev, Zhizn’ i reformy,1:374–75.

16 Yel’tsin, Ispoved’, 140–41.

17 Georgii Shakhnazarov, interview with the author (January 29, 2001). Jerry F. Hough, Democratization and Revolution in the USSR, 1985–1991 (Washington, D.C.: Brookings, 1997), 326, also plays up the overconfidence variable.

18 Mikhail Shneider, quoted in Michael E. Urban, “Boris El’tsin, Democratic Russia, and the Campaign for the Russian Presidency,” Soviet Studies 44 (March–April 1992), 190.

19 Assignment of the KGB to monitor Yeltsin is described in the memoir by Gorbachev’s former chief of staff: V. I. Boldin, Krusheniye p’edestala: shtrikhi k portretu M. S. Gorbacheva (Smashing the pedestal: strokes of a portrait of M. S. Gorbachev) (Moscow: Respublika, 1995), 334. I heard of details in interviews.

20 Aleksandr Muzykantskii, interview with the author (May 30, 2001).

21 The only place I have been able to find this memo is in Aleksandr Khinshtein, Yel’tsin, Kreml’, istoriya bolezni (Yeltsin, the Kremlin, the history of an illness) (Moscow: OLMA, 2006), 527–58. It was never sent to Ryzhkov.

22 Quotation from “Vstrecha v VKSh, 12 noyabrya 1988 goda s 14 do 18 chasov” (Meeting in the Higher Komsomol School, November 12, 1988, from 2:00 P.M. to 6:00 P.M.), in RGANI (Russian State Archive of Contemporary History, Moscow) (microform in Harvard College Library), fund 89, register 8, file 29, 5.

23 Lev Sukhanov, Tri goda s Yel’tsinym: zapiski pervogo pomoshchnika (Three years with Yeltsin: notes of his first assistant) (Riga: Vaga, 1992), 40.

24 Yel’tsin, Ispoved’, 143; Boris Yel’tsin, Zapiski prezidenta (Notes of a president) (Moscow: Ogonëk, 1994), 31.

25 Aleksandr Korzhakov, Boris Yel’tsin: ot rassveta do zakata (Boris Yeltsin: from dawn to dusk) (Moscow: Interbuk, 1997), 152.

26 M. S. Solomentsev, Veryu v Rossiyu (I believe in Russia) (Moscow: Molodaya gvardiya, 2003), 510.

27 Yel’tsin, Ispoved’, 151–57; “Vstrecha v VKSh,” 27; Boldin, Krusheniye p’edestala, 335–36. KGB guards tried unsuccessfully to lure Yeltsin into the vestibule behind the stage, with the aim, one supposes, of cutting off his appeal to the audience and perhaps of preventing him from speaking.

28 Quotations from XIX Vsesoyuznaya konferentsiya Kommunisticheskoi partii Sovetskogo Soyuza: stenograficheskii otchët (The 19th conference of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union: stenographic record), 2 vols. (Moscow: Politizdat, 1988), 2:56–61.

29 Vitalii Tret’yakov, “Sverdlovskii vyskochka,” part 6, Politicheskii klass, July 2006, 106.

30 Chernyayev, Shest’ let, 218–19. Zaikov’s involvement is described in Yurii Prokof’ev, Do i posle zapreta KPSS: pervyi sekretar’ MGK KPSS vspominayet (Before and after the ban on the CPSU: a first secretary of the Moscow gorkom remembers) (Moscow: Algoritm, 2005), 209–10. Ligachëv’s statement about Yeltsin being wrong was omitted from the official transcript of the conference.

31 Sukhanov, Tri goda, 57.