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85. When Cater passed the information on to the president, the response was typically Johnsonian. “Why, aren’t you the lucky one,” LBJ told his assistant. “You let that fellow come into your office and lay a big, fat turd right in your lap.”

Quoted in John Prados, Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2006), p. 371.

86. Nicholas Katzenbach to Lyndon Johnson, 13 February 1967, box 193, CF Oversize Attachments, Packet 3, White House Central File (WHCF), Confidential File (CF), Johnson Library.

87. Mike Mansfield to Lyndon Johnson, “Clandestine or Covert Financing of Government Activities,” 22 February 1967; Lyndon Johnson to Mike Mansfield, 23

February 1967; both box 55, folder FG11-2 CIA [1 of 2], WHCF, Johnson Library.

88. United Press press release, “The Big CIA Scandal Growing,” 20 February 1967, CREST.

89. In late March, Nicholas Katzenbach told Dean Rusk, presumably using intelligence gleaned from CIA informers in Ramparts’ offices, that the magazine “may soon publish an exposé of CIA support channeled to [the] Asia Foundation.”

Nicholas Katzenbach to Dean Rusk, 21 March 1967, box 44, folder Ramparts-NSA-CIA, NSF, Johnson Library.

90. Mackenzie, Secrets, p. 24.

91. George C. Denney, Jr., to Nicholas Katzenbach, 15 February 1967, box 44, folder Ramparts-NSA-CIA, NSF, Johnson Library; Mackenzie, Secrets, p. 22. The National Security Archive in Washington, D.C., holds copies of memoranda written by an anonymous CIA officer in February 1967 recording meetings with senior IRS officials about Ramparts. For example, a memo dated February 2

describes a meeting held the previous day in which the author briefed IRS representatives on “information and rumors we have heard about RAMPARTS,” “impressed upon them the Director’s concern and expressed our certainty that this is an attack on CIA,” and “suggested that the corporate tax returns of RAMPARTS, Inc., be examined and that any leads to possible financial supporters be followed up by an examination of their individual tax returns.” Although another memo dated February 15, presumably written after the IRS had reported to the CIA, stated that the author was “satisfied that there is no information on either the corporation or individual returns which would justify an official request for access to the returns,” the Agency and Service were still exchanging information about Ramparts’ financial affairs on May 18. Given what we know from other sources, it seems reasonable to assume that the author of the memoranda was Richard Ober. Anon., “IRS Briefing on RAMPARTS,” 2 February 1967, 9.C-48, Center for National Security Studies (CNSS) Collection, National Security Archive, George Washington University, Washington, D.C.; anon.,

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“RAMPARTS Tax Returns,” 15 February 1967, 9.C-48, CNSS Collection; anon., “Miscellaneous Matters Discussed at IRS on 18 May 1967,” 19 May 1967, 9.C-48, CNSS Collection.

92. Edward Applewhite, quoted in Thomas, Best Men, p. 330; Louis Dube, quoted in Mackenzie, Secrets, p. 24.

93. See Saunders, Who Paid the Piper? p. 382.

94. M. M. Morton,”The Inside Story of Ramparts Magazine,” Human Events, 8 April 1967, 216. After reading the Human Events article, White House aide Peter Jessup, presumably ignorant of the source of its inspiration, recommended “that some agency of the government [pursue] the threads involved here.” Peter Jessup to Walt Rostow, “A Right Cross to Left Temple,” 4 April 1967, box 44, folder Ramparts-NSA-CIA, NSF, Johnson Library.

95. This fact was also noted in a widely syndicated column by Carl Rowan, and probably lies behind later claims that the Ramparts exposure of the NSA was inspired by the Czechoslovak secret service, acting at the behest of the KGB. Mackenzie, Secrets, p. 23; Brian Crozier, Free Agent: The Unseen War, 1941–1991

(London: Harper Collins, 1993), p. 5.

96. Hinckle, If You Have a Lemon, p. 104. Also see ibid., pp. 111–118, for more detail on Ramparts’ search for angels, including an unsuccessful approach to Hugh Hefner.

97. Anon., “CIA Man Who Told,” New York Times, 8 May 1967, 37.

98. Thomas W. Braden, “I’m Glad the CIA is ‘Immoral,’” Saturday Evening Post, 20

May 1967, 10. Braden trailed the article with a widely reported interview in the Los Angeles Times. See Harold Keen, “Braden Reveals He Set Up CIA Aid to Students, Unions,” Los Angeles Times, 7 May 1967, 1, 19.

99. Victor Reuther to Joseph Walsh, 4 May 1967, 17.30, Victor Reuther Papers. For an account of the impact of Braden’s article on the circle around Encounter, see Saunders, Who Paid the Piper? p. 403.