17d05d030193283f60ac573244de53e6 полностью

3. Quoted in Evan Thomas, The Very Best Men—Four Who Dared: The Early Years of the CIA (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995), p. 63.

4. Quoted in Loch Johnson, America’s Secret Power: The CIA in a Democratic Society (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), p. 305n5.

5. Ibid., p. 185.

6. For other important 1970s investigative pieces on the CIA and journalists in addition to Bernstein’s, see Stuart H. Loory, “The CIA’s Use of the Press: A

‘Mighty Wurlitzer,’” Columbia Journalism Review 13 (September–October 1974): 9–18; and a series of New York Times reports by John M. Crewdson and Joseph B.

Treaster, “The CIA’s Three-Decade Effort to Mold the World’s Views,” 25 December 1977, 1, 12; “Worldwide Propaganda Network Built by the CIA,” 26 De-

310

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cember 1977, 1, 37; “CIA Established Many Links to Journalists in U.S. and Abroad,” 27 December 1977, 1, 40–41.

7. Bernstein, “CIA and Media,” 60–61. The Times also agreed on several occasions to kill stories deemed unfavorable to the CIA. See, for example, Victor Marchetti and John D. Marks, The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence (New York: Knopf, 1974), pp. 357–358, and Thomas, Best Men, p. 117.

8. Bernstein, “CIA and Media,” 62; Nancy E. Bernhard, U.S. Television News and Cold War Propaganda, 1947–1960 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), p. 186.

9. Quoted in Bernhard, U.S. Television News, p. 187. CIA officer William Bundy believed the Alibi dinners with the CBS executives were “very useful in giving the feeling of Allen’s thinking without giving them secret material.” Quoted in Thomas, Best Men, p. 185.

10. See Steve Weissman, “The CIA Makes the News,” in Philip Agee and Louis Wolf, eds., Dirty Work: The CIA in Western Europe (Secaucus, N.J.: Lyle Stuart, 1978), pp. 204–210, and Russell Warren Howe, “Asset Unwitting: Covering the World for the CIA,” More (May 1978): 20–27.

11. Philip Agee, Inside the Company: CIA Diary (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1975), p. 78.

12. Richard P. Davis to Conrad Christiano, 16 May 1961, box 113, folder 6, American Newspaper Guild Papers, Part 2, International Series, 1940–1959, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University, Detroit (hereafter ANG

Papers).

13. Anon., “Amounts Received by the American Newspaper Guild International Affairs Fund,” n.d., 116.2, ANG Papers.

14. Bernstein, “CIA and Media,” 66; Loory, “CIA’s Use of Press,” 13.

15. Almquist, Joseph Alsop, p. 49; Burton Hersh, The Old Boys: The American Elite and the Origins of the CIA (St Petersburg, Fla.: Tree Farm Books, 2002), p. 288; Thomas, Best Men, p. 105; C. D. Jackson, log, 22 April 1953, box 68, Log 1953

1, C. D. Jackson Papers, Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, Abilene, Kansas. CIA officer Desmond Fitzgerald would get his own back by deliberately feeding Alsop disinformation, remembers Fitzgerald’s stepdaughter, Barbara. “At breakfast he’d amuse himself reading the papers to see if Alsop had taken the bait.” Quoted in Thomas, Best Men, p. 200.

16. In April 1963, DCI John A. McCone tried to persuade Stewart Alsop not to run an article about him in the Saturday Evening Post. “Alsop refused,” states a White House memorandum, “said he had seen several people and intended to see more; he had a great deal of information because of his own personal experience in OSS; he was convinced the article would be informative to the public, and therefore intended to go forward.” Anon., memorandum, 12 April 1963, box

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311

271, folder CIA general, National Security File, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Papers, John F. Kennedy Library, Boston.

17. Quoted in Bernstein, “CIA and Media,” 60.

18. See Hugh Wilford, The CIA, the British Left, and the Cold War: Calling the Tune?

(London: Frank Cass, 2003), pp. 133–134.

19. C. D. Jackson to Allen Dulles, 21 February 1956, box 48, folder Allen Dulles, Jackson Papers.

20. Sidney Hook to Irving Brown, 31 October 1951; and Irving Brown to Sidney Hook, 3 November 1951; both 13.10, International Affairs Department, Irving Brown Papers (RG18-004), George Meany Memorial Archives, Silver Spring, Maryland. It was James Burnham who first proposed, in November 1949, that the “New Leader should immediately receive immediate and adequate financial aid.” See James Burnham, “The Financial Condition of the New Leader, ” 21 November 1949, 11.1, James Burnham Papers, Hoover Institution, Stanford University.