115. Irving, Göring, 433; Fröhlich, ‘Hitler und Goebbels im Krisenjahr 1944’, 207. For Rominten (and Göring’s other residences — he had ten at various times, apart from Carinhall, his main home, and special trains and yachts at his disposal), see Volker Knopf and Stefan Martens, Görings Reich. Selbstinszenierungen in Carinhall, Berlin, 1999, 158–9.
116. TBJG, II/13, 153–6 (24 July 1944).
117. Oven, Mit Goebbels, ii.94, entry for 25 July 1944.
118. Rebentisch, 516–17; Hancock, 138.
119. Text in Heiber, Goebbels Reden, ii.342–59, quotation 353: ‘Es wird im Lande sowohl für die Front wie für die Rüstungsproduktion so viel Kräfte frei machen, daft es uns nicht allzu schwerfallen dürfte, der Schwierigkeiten, die die Kriegslage immer wieder mit sich bringen wird, in souveräner Weise Herr zu werden.’ (Trans. amended from Seydewitz, 274.)
120. Orlow, ii.470.
121. According to the former housekeeper at his Munich apartment, Frau Anni Winter, Hitler’s sight had deteriorated sharply, requiring him to have five pairs of increasingly strong spectacles in as many years (IfZ, ZS 194, BI.3).
122. Rebentisch, 518–20.
123. Rebentisch, 521.
124. Rebentisch, 522.
125. Speer, 406.
126. Speer, 405–7; TBJG, II/13, 525–7 (20 September 1944).
127. Speer, 407.
128. See Speer, 575 n.5; and Rebentisch, 520.
129. Hancock, 152–5, 287 n.27. See also DZW, vi.222–37; Herbst, Der Totale Krieg, 343–7; Seydewitz, 275–9; Steinert, 505–6; Klaus Mammach, Der Volkssturm. Bestandteil des totalen Kriegseinsatzes der deutschen Bevlökerung 1944/45, East Berlin, 1981, 17–20.
130. Hancock, 157–8.
131. Harlan was also able to use the powers granted to him by Goebbels to acquire the services for his film of 4,000 sailors, training to counter Allied attacks on U-boats, as well as 6,000 horses. He was allowed to spend what he wanted. He put the costs of the film at around 8½ million marks — eight times as much as a good film normally cost to make. (Veit Harlan, Im Schatten meiner Filme. Selbstbiographie, Gütersloh, 1966, 184, 187–8. And see Welch, Propaganda and the German Cinema, 221ff., here 234.)
132. Mammach, 39; Franz W. Seidler, ‘Deutscher Volkssturm’. Das letzte Aufgebot 1944/45, Munich, 1989, 45–9; Padfield, Himmler, 540–3. Text of Himmler’s speech at the first ‘roll-call’ of the Volkssturm in Bartenstein (East Prussia), on 18 October 1944, in IfZ, MA 315, frames 2614201ff.
133. Hitler had, in fact, in referring in 1937 to the reasons why he had had to ‘annihilate’ Ernst Rohm and other SA leaders three years earlier, explicitly rejected ‘the so-called levée en masse’ and the notion ‘that soldiers can be created only through the mobilisation of, let’s say, enthusiasm’ (Domarus, 424, 2150, n.312).
134. Mammach, 32; Hancock, 141.
135. Mammach, 24–9.
136. RGBl, 1944, 1, Nr.53, 253–4; Mammach, 32–3.
137. Mammach, 168–70.
138. Mammach, 171.
139. Mammach, 57.
140. Mammach, 54.
141. Mammach, 186–7.
142. Mammach, 65–8.
143. See Mammach, 43–51, here 47, 50.
144. Mammach, 72–3.
145. Benz, Graml, and Weiß, Enzyklopädie, 788.
146. Longerich, Hitlers Stellvertreter, 171, seems to underplay this.
147. See Rebentisch, 423–63, referring largely to the 1941–3 period.
148. IMG, XXXV, 494–502, Doc.753-D (with Bormann’s reply of 5 January 1945, putting it down largely to ‘misunderstandings’). See Rebentisch, 426; Longerich, Hitlers Stellvertreter, 171–2; Gruchmann, ‘Die “Reichsregierung” im Führerstaat’, 211, 223 n.115; Broszat, Staat, 394–5; Lang, Der Sekretär, 309–10, 490; Dieter Rebentisch, ‘Hitlers Reichskanzlei zwischen Politik und Verwaltung’, in Rebentisch and Teppe, 65–99, here 96; Diehl-Thiele, 256–7.
149. Padfield, Himmler, 514, even describes him as ‘undoubtedly the chief beneficiary of the failed putsch’.
150. Padfield, Himmler, 543ff.
151. Weinberg III, 750; DZW, vi.78–9. Total losses since the beginning of the war were, by 1 October 1944, 2,748,034 men killed, injured, missing, or captured.
152. DZW, vi.183; Weinberg III, 750 (where the October losses are given as only one merchant ship). The total lost to U-boats in the last months of 1944 amounted to 321,732 tons of shipping, only about 2.3 per cent of the 14 million tons of Allied shipping launched the previous year (Oxford Companion, 69).
153. KTB OKW, iv/2, 1573.
