230. Khaustov and Samuelson, Stalin, NKVD, 84–5 (TsA FSB, f. 3, op. 2, d. 8, l. 3). This was not Stalin’s first such appearance at a secret police meeting, sessions that were followed by generous tables of food and drink. Shreider, NKVD iznutri, 22, 27.
231. “O tak-nazyvaemom dele ‘Moskovskogo tsentra,’” 70; Iakovlev et al., Reabilitatsiia: politicheskie protsessy, 155; Sedov et al., “Spravka,” 465.
232. Vasily Doroshin, a forty-year-old aide to the Kremlin commandant, was said to have testified that “the commandant of the Grand Kremlin Palace Lukyanov Ivan Petrovich told me on the second day after the death of N. A. Alliluyeva that the Kremlin commandant Peterson had gathered a group of comrades and announced that Alliluyeva had died an unnatural death.” Khaustov et al., Lubianka: Stalin i VChK, 602–3 (APRF, f. 3, op. 58, d. 231, l. 22–6).
233. Khaustov et al., Lubianka: Stalin i VChK, 606–10 (APRF, f. 3, op. 58, d. 230, l. 67–75: E. K. Mukhanova testimony, Feb. 10). Another librarian, P. I. Gordeyeva, daughter of workers and herself a Communist Youth League member, testified (March 1) that after the official news about Kirov’s death, Kremlin library employees discussed how “the murder of Kirov was not political, but a result of personal revenge” (618–9: d. 232, l. 31–4).
234. Khaustov et al., Lubianka: Stalin i VChK, 610–2 (APRF, f. 3, op. 58, d. 231, l. 54–9: Feb. 10, 1935). See also Khlevniuk, Khoziain, 253.
235. Khaustov et al., Lubianka: Stalin i VChK, 604–6 (APRF, f. 3, op. 58, d. 231, l. 32–6: Feb. 7), 230 (d. 230, l. 67–75: Feb. 10).
236. Gosudarstvennaia okhrana Rossii, 49 (no citation).
237. Khaustov et al., Lubianka: Stalin i VChK, 617 (APRF, f. 3, op. 58, d. 231, l. 88).
238. “O tak nazyvaemon ‘Kremlevskom dele,’” 90–1.
239. RGASPI, f. 17, op. 3, d. 961, l. 58 (March 31, 1935). See also Hoover Institution Archives, Nicoalevsky Collection, box 233, folder 9 (“Iz zapisonoi knizhki Boris Ivanovicha Nikolaevskogo [rasskazy A. F. Almazova]), 1–2.
240. Ivanov, “Operatsiia ‘Byvshie liudi,’” 118–9, 121, 129; Vinogradov, Genrikh Iagoda, 465–6.
241. Of the 11,095 he listed, 5,044 were said to be former “big” merchants and rentiers, 2,360 aristocrats, and nearly 1,000 family members of executed terrorists, spies, and saboteurs. Khaustov et al., Lubianka: Stalin i VChK, 613–6 (APRF, f. 3, op. 58, d. 174, l. 42–9: Feb. 16, 1935), 617 (l. 41).
242. Khaustov et al., Lubianka: Stalin i VChK, 613–6 (APRF, f. 3, op. 58, d. 174, l. 42–49: Zakovsky to Yagoda, Feb. 16, 1935), 617 (l. 41: Yagoda to Stalin, Feb. 26, 1935).
243. Various officials in Karelia, too, were arrested as “spies,” and at least 5,000 “kulak” families within a fifteen-mile radius of the Finnish border were evicted, and their livestock and possessions confiscated. Dmitriev, Pominal’nye spiski Karelii, 17. In Oct. 1935, Zakovsky opened an NKVD training school in Leningrad desperately seeking more personnel. Tumshis and Papchinskii, 1937, bol’shaia chistka, 51.
244. Dubinskaia-Dzhalilova and Chernev, “Zhmu vashu ruku, dorogoi tovarishch,’” 188–9. Turbins had been approved for staging in Leningrad in 1933. In 1936, it would be permitted in Kiev. Milne, Mikhail Bulgakov, 168.
245. On Stalin’s fifteen visits, see V. Lakshin, preface to Bulgakov, Izbrannaia proza, 30. See also Jelagin, Taming of the Arts, 102–3; Shapoval, “‘Oni chuvstvuiut sebia, kak gosti . . . ,’” 107–8, 122; Smeliansky, Is Comrade Bulgakov Dead? 170–3; Shentalinskii, Raby svobody, 120. Between 1926 and 1941, the Moscow Art Theater would stage Turbins 987 times. Bulgakov, Dramy i komedii, 583.
246. Sergeev and Glushik, Besedy o Staline, 15.
247. Bulgakowa, Eisenstein, 168–72. Sixty-five films were submitted and twenty-six accepted. Kino, Feb. 2 and Feb. 21, 1935; Pravda, Feb. 22, 1935: 4. On Feb. 22, the state medals for cinema that had been announced in Jan. were presented by Kalinin in the Kremlin, with Stalin in attendance.
248. Pravda, Nov. 29, 1935.
249. Iasenskii, “O dvukh neudachnykh popytkakh.”
250. Mekhlis summoned the editors to Old Square (March 11), reading them the riot act; the next day’s editorial in Pravda was unsigned. Anderson et al., Kremlevskii kinoteatr, 996–7 (RGASPI, f. 558, op. 1, d. 829, l. 9–10: March 11, 1935); Fomin and Deriabin, Letopis’ Rossiiskogo kino, II: 325; Pravda, March 12, 1935.
