168. Moravec added that soon enough the Soviets “made careful note of our experience with provincial newspapers, published in the smaller German towns, in which numerous indiscretions about military matters could still be found despite the severe Nazi censorship.” Moravec, Master of Spies, 48–57.
169. Even British intelligence, by fall 1936, conceded German rearmament might be unlimited and aiming for domination of the continent. Wark, Ultimate Enemy, 228–31.
170. “No army,” he wrote, “can manage without modern, well-organized and well-taught infantry.” Habeck, Storm of Steel, 242–3 (citing RGVA, f. 33987, op. 3, d. 838, I. 2–5: Uborevičius to Voroshilov and Yegorov, Sept. 7–10, 1936; f. 4, op. 18, d. 53, l. 23–25, 712–7: Oct. 13–19, 1936). Voroshilov, in 1934, had called the tank corps “a very far-fetched idea and therefore we should have nothing to do with it.” Erickson, Road to Stalingrad, 15.
171. At the invitation of General Fritzsch, Uborevičius attended German maneuvers in fall 1936; Hitler became angry at German generals who “get drunk and go around with Communist generals.” Görlitz, German General Staff, 308; Hegner, Die Reichskanzlei, 255–6. Voroshilov tried to move Uborevičius to Moscow, out of his power base in the Belorussian military district. Fakel, II: 237–8 (RGASPI, f. 85, op. 1/s, d. 151, l. 2–4); Minakov, 1937, 236–7. Yakir, who ran the Ukraine (then Kiev) military district for twelve years, for his part declined a promotion to head the general staff, also preferring a command in the field. Iakir, Komandarm Iakir, 226–7; Istoriia Kommunisticheskoi partii Sovetskogo Soiuza, IV/ii: 301.
172. Banac, Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 32; Kudriashov, SSSR i grazhdanskaia voina v Ispanii, 57–8 (APRF, f. 3, op. 65, d. 221, l. 109–11). On Sept. 13, 1936, Yagoda submitted a memorandum to Kaganovich and Molotov in reference to an unspecified decision in the name of the politburo six days earlier about the clandestine purchase through third parties in Europe of rifles and fighter planes for Spain, which had been occasioned by a letter from Stalin in Sochi. Kudriashov, SSSR i grazhdanskaia voina v Ispanii, 52–3 (APRF, f. 3, op. 65, d. 221, l. 92–6). The politburo had met on Sept. 11 in Stalin’s absence and, in part, discussed Spain, but what decision was reached or confirmed remains unclear. Khlevniuk et al., Stalin i Kaganovich, 666; Kudriashov, SSSR i grazhdanskaia voina v Ispanii, 50–1 (APRF, f. 3, op. 65, 221, l. 85).
173. Kudriashov, SSSR i grazhdanskaia voina v Ispanii, 54–6 (APRF, f. 3, op. 65, d. 221, l. 97–101). See also Kowalsky, Stalin, paragraphs 458–62 (citing Iurii E. Rybalkin, “Voennaia pomoshch’ Sovetskogo Soiuza ispanskomu narodu v natsional’no-revoliutsionnoi voine 1936–1939,” PhD diss, Institute of Military History [Moscow], 1992, 79). See also Novikov, SSSR, Komintern, II: 44.
174. Gorkii et al., Krakh germanskoi okkupatsii na Ukraine, 16.
175. Domarus, Hitler: Reden, II: 645 (editor’s note). See also Kerrl, Nürnberg 1936: Der Parteitag der Ehre.
176. Waddington, Hitler’s Crusade, 109 (citing National Archives, State Department decimal file, 761.62/395: Dodd to Hull, Sept. 11). The British embassy in Berlin reported that “the extent of the attacks and their violent and pointed, and in fact provocative, nature exceeded all expectations.” DBFP, 2nd series, XVII: 319–26 (Newton, Sept. 23, 1936).
177. Fröhlich, Tagebücher von Joseph Goebbels, III/ii: 178 (Sept. 9, 1936).
178. Pons, Stalin and the Inevitable War, 46–7 (citing AVP RF, f. 05, op. 16, papka, 114, d. 1, l. 213); RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 743, l. 56; DVP SSSR, XIX: 423, 762 n160; Adibekov et al., Politbiuro TsK RKP (b)—VKP (b) i Evropa, 341 (RGASPI, f. 17, op. 162, d. 20, l. 78).
179. Howson, Arms for Spain, 126.
180. Rybalkin, Operatsiia “X,” 26 (citing RGASPI, f. 17, op. 120, d. 266, l. 24; RGVA, f. 33987, op. 3, d. 845, l. 14, 17–18, 40; d. 848, l. 109).
181. Haslam, Struggle for Collective Security, 115 (citing German intelligence reports). For Spain, 274 million rubles would be collected from 1936–39. Komshukov, “Natsional’no-revoliutsionnaia voina ispanskogo naroda,” 179. On aid, see also Novikov, SSSR, Komintern, I: 152–63; and RGASPI, f. 17, op. 120, d. 274, l. 1–2, 4–5.
182. Vechernyi Cheliabinsk, Aug. 9, 2001.
183. DVP SSSR, XIX: 762; Sipols, “SSSR i problema mira,” 51.
