112. Trotsky, Writings of Leon Trotsky, 1935–1936, 389; Høidal, Trotsky in Norway, 133–4. In Dec. Trotsky would be expelled from Norway, and placed on a Norwegian oil tanker to Mexico; en route he would write in his journal that Zinoviev and Kamenev “lacked sufficient character.” Trotsky, “Zinoviev and Kamenev [Dec. 31, 1936],” in Trotsky, Writings of Leon Trotsky, 1936–1937, 48–55 (at 49).
113. “Samoubiistvo ne opravdanie: predsmertnoe pis’mo Tomskogo Stalinu,” Rodina, 1996, no. 2: 90–3; Gorelov, Tsugtsvang Mikhail Tomskogo, 234.
114. Pravda, Aug. 23, 1936. The Menshevik émigré newspaper eulogized Tomsky as a “most colorful and splendid figure among the Bolshevik leaders.” Sotsialisticheskii vestnik, Aug. 30, 1936: 11.
115. Molchanov, dispatched to Tomsky’s dacha to investigate the scene, retrieved the note, which stated: “If you want to know who it was that pushed me onto the path of right deviation in May 1928, ask my wife personally. Only she will name them.” Tomsky’s widow told Yezhov that the person who had recruited Tomsky to the path of opposition was none other than NKVD chief Yagoda. Yezhov’s report to Stalin defended Yagoda. Iakovlev et al., Reabilitatsiia: politcheskie protesessy, 244–5; “O partiinosti lits, prokhodivshikh po delu tak nazyvaemogo ‘antisovetskogo pravotrotskistskogo bloka,’” 71. Khlevniuk, Politbiuro, 204–6 (no citation).
116. Kvashonkin, Bol’shevistskoe rukovodstvo, 16 (RGASPI, f. 558, op. 1, d. 5391, l. 3).
117. Khlevniuk et al., Stalin i Kaganovich, 642–3 (RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 93, l. 77–80).
118. Stalin forbade mention of the fact that there would be no appeal (“these words are superfluous and would give a bad impression”). Khlevniuk et al., Stalin i Kaganovich, 642 (RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 93, l. 62–4).
119. Vostryshev, Moskva stalinskaia, 349 (Alexander G. Solovyov).
120. Eduard Gol’tsman wrote a note that he would not seek clemency. Volkogonov, Lenin, 276 (citing AMBRF, archive no. R-33833, t. 41, l. 256).
121. Conquest, Great Terror: Reassessment, 71–108; Getty and Naumov, Road to Terror, 247–57.
122. Kudriashov, SSSR i grazhdanskaia voina v Ispanii, 44 (APRF, f. 3, op. 65, d. 217, l. 22); Izvestiia, Aug. 28, 1936.
123. Kudriashov, SSSR i grazhdanskaia voina v Ispanii, 43 (APRF, f. 3, op. 65, d. 217, l. 21), 44 (l. 20).
124. Antonov-Ovseyenko would take to the Spanish assignment energetically, writing pleading notes to Kaganovich suggesting resolute measures for organizing serious military resistance even before he had reached Barcelona (Oct. 1). Kudriashov, SSSR i grazhdanskaia voina v Ispanii, 67 (APRF, f. 3, op. 65, d. 217, l. 23), 70 (d. 221, l. 141), 81–2 (l. 184–5); RGASPI, f. 17, op. 3, d. 981, l. 213; Izvestiia, Oct. 3, 1936; Ehrenburg, Sobranie sochinenii, IX: 114–9. Antonov-Ovseyenko wrote to Rosenberg (Oct. 6): “Our view of anarchism in Catalonia is a mistaken one . . . The government is genuinely willing to organize a defense and it is doing a lot in that direction.” Ehrenburg, who arrived in Spain from Paris in the latter part of August 1936 as a special correspondent for Izvestiya, had already written to Rosenberg, in letters sent on to Stalin, accusing the anarchists of not understanding the critical importance of heavy industry and discipline, being infiltrated by German agents and, under the guise of pressing for “revolution,” aiming to demoralize and defeat the Republic. RGASPI, f. 17, op. 120, d. 259, l. 73–4; Radosh et al., Spain Betrayed, 23–32; Kudriashov, SSSR i grazhdanskaia voina v Ispanii, 39 (APRF, f. 3, op. 65, d. 217, l. 19), 43 (l. 17), 110 (d. 222, l. 88), 113–14 (l. 87); Adibekov et al., Politbiuro TsK RKP (b)—VKP (b) i Evropa, 342–3 (RGASPI, f. 17, op. 162, d. 20, l. 162); Erenburg, Sobranie sochinenii, IX: 100. By Nov. 1936, Antonov-Ovseyenko was complaining of the anarchy caused by the anarchists: Kudriashov, SSSR i grazhdanskaia voina v Ispanii, 142–3 (APRF, f. 3, op. 65, d. 222, l. 145–46ob.).
125. Kudriashov, SSSR i grazhdanskaia voina v Ispanii, 39 (APRF, f. 3, op. 65, d. 217, l. 11). See also Efimov, “Vernost’ prizvaniiu,” 29.
