264. Presseisen, Germany and Japan, 190, citing International Military Tribunal for the Far East, Documents Presented in Evidence, exhibits 487, 3508; Jones, Japan’s New Order, 99n2.
265. Muggeridge, Ciano’s Diplomatic Papers, 58 (October 24, 1936). Alfred Rosenberg, the ideologue, had stated at a Nuremberg rally, “We acknowledge the destiny of the Yellow race and wish it in its own Lebensraum the development of its culture which originated from its racial soul.” Presseisen, Germany and Japan, 90; Baynes, Speeches of Adolf Hitler, II: 1258–9; Toynbee, Survey of International Affairs, 384–5n3; Rosenberg, Blut und Ehre, 347.
266. The Soviets undercut their own accusations that the pact was directed at the USSR by their long-standing pretense that the Comintern was an independent organization not controlled from Moscow.
267. “Well informed people refuse to believe that for the drawing up of the two scantly published articles of the German-Japanese agreement it was necessary to conduct negotiations for fifteen months, and that on the Japanese side it was necessary to entrust these negotiations to an Army general, and on the German side to an important diplomat,” Litvinov huffed to the Congress of Soviets (Nov. 28, 1936). Wheeler-Bennett, Documents on International Affairs, 1936, 302. The Soviet Union suspended the agreed but not yet signed bilateral fisheries convention with Japan. Grew, Ten Years in Japan, 196; Iklé, German-Japanese Relations, 41–2 (citing U.S. Govt., Dept. of State, Files 762.94/108: U.S. embassy in France to secretary of state).
268. Khaustov, “Deiatel’nost’ organov,” 240; Volkov, “Legendy i desitvitel’nost’ o Rikharde Zorge,” 100; Korol’kov, Chelovek, dlia kotorogo ne bylo tain, 108; DGFP, series C, VI: 208 (Dirksen in Tokyo to Berlin, Dec. 23, 1936).
269. Peace and War—United States Foreign Policy, 340–2; Documents on International Affairs, I: 4–5. A Soviet diplomat in Tokyo would even inform his German counterparts that they had read the actual text. FRUS, Japan, 1931–1941, II, 153.
270. Chrezvychainyi VIII Vsesoiuznyi s”ezd Sovetov.
271. Waddington, Hitler’s Crusade, 110 (citing BK, ZSg. 101/14, Presseanweisung, Nov. 28, 1931). Following a discussion with Hitler, Goebbels had recently written in his diary: “The showdown with Bolshevism is coming . . . The army is completely won over by us. Führer untouchable . . . Dominance in Europe is as good as certain.” Fröhlich, Tagebücher von Joseph Goebbels, III/ii: 251–2 (Nov. 15, 1936). In fact, German planning was directed at a war in the West, an aim for which the Hitler regime anticipated subordinating Poland and Hungary. Weinberg, Hitler’s Foreign Policy, 13–4.
272. Fröhlich, Tagebücher von Joseph Goebbels, II: 272–3 (Dec. 2, 1936).
273. Moradiellos, “British Government and General Franco,” 44 (citing PRO FO371/20470, W15925, minute by Gladwyn Jebb: Nov. 25, 1936).
274. Dullin, Men of Influence, 124–5 (citing RGVA, f. 33987, op. 3, d. 1027, l. 148: Potyomkin to Krestinsky, Nov. 12, 1936; AVP RF, f. 010, op. 11, d. 77, l. 113: Litvinov to Potyomkin, Nov. 19).
275. Litvinov had made the same point. Pons, Stalin and the Inevitable War, 60, 68. See also Haslam, Struggle for Collective Security, 122, citing Pravda, Nov. 29, 1936 (Litvinov speech to the Congress of Soviets).
276. Petrov and Jansen, Stalinskii pitomets, 254–89 (at 269, citing TsA FSB, f. 3–os, op. 4, d. 6, l. 1–61).
277. Getty and Naumov, Road to Terror, 304–8 (RGASPI, f. 17, op. 2, d. 575, l. 11–9, 40–5, 49–53, 57–60, 66–7); “Fragmenty stenogrammy dekabr’skogo plenuma TsK VKP (b) 1936 goda,” 6; APRF, f. 3, op. 24, d. 256, l. 12.
278. Kaganovich differentiated party guilt from juridical guilt. Getty and Naumov, Road to Terror, 309–12 (RGASPI, f. 17, op. 2, d. 575, l. 69–74, 82–6).
279. Mikoyan chimed in with other names (Skrypnyk, Khanjyan). RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 1119, l. 63.
