280. How many attendees (besides the stool pigeon Khrushchev) understood this targeting of Kaganovich remains unclear. Khrushchev, Vospominaniia, I: 156–8; Khrushchev, Memoirs, I: 150–3; http://www.gorlovka360.dn.ua/sport-i-zdorovie/stadion-shahter-virtualnyiy-tur; http://www.memo.ru/history/1937/dec_1936/VI9501.htm; Getty and Naumov, Road to Terror, 312 (RGASPI, f. 17, op. 2, d. 576, l. 67–70); Rogovin, Stalin’s Terror, 143. Shortly thereafter, Andreyev condemned Furer at a party meeting in Rostov. Khlevniuk, In Stalin’s Shadow, 161.
281. RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 132, l. 132; Khlevniuk, Khoziain, 277.
282. Jansen and Petrov, Stalin’s Loyal Executioner, 58 (citing RGASPI, f. 17, op. 2, d. 575, l. 6–68); “Fragmenty stenogrammy dekabr’skogo plenuma TsK KPSS (b) 1936 goda,” 4 (APRF, op. 76, d. 20, l. 129 -133); Getty and Naumov, Road to Terror, 303–22 (RGASPI, f. 17, op. 2, d. 575, l. 69–74, 82–6, 94–7, 100–4, 122–6, 134–7, 1159–62, 165–7, 169–72; d. 576, 67–70); “O partiinosti lits, prokhodivshikh po delu tak nazyvaemogo ‘antisovetskogo pravotrotskistskogo bloka,’” 75–6; Banac, Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 38–9. No transcript appears to exist of Stalin’s full speech to the plenum, just excerpts.
283. Rogovin, 1937, 179–80. Bukharin ceased to be listed as editor from Jan. 16, 1937.
284. Banac, Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 40 (Dec. 9, 1936). See also the entry for Nov. 26, 1936 (37).
285. Dmitri Bogomolov, the Soviet consul in China, told Dimitrov in Moscow (Dec. 9) that “Chiang Kai-shek will decide on an agreement with the Communists only on the brink of war with Japan and in connection with an agreement with the Soviet Union.” Banac, Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 40.
286. Wai Chor, “Making of the Guomindang’s Japan Policy.”
287. Bertram, Crisis in China, 108.
288. Titarenko, VKP (b), komintern i kitai: dokumenty, IV/ii: 1068 (RGASPI, f. 495, op. 74, d. 275, l. 5–9).
289. Taylor, Generalissimo, 122, 124–5 (Zhang Xueliang, Columbia Interviews, XXXVII: 25–189).
290. Taylor, Generalissimo, 124 (Chiang Diaries, Hoover Institution Archives, box 39, folder 4: Nov. 24, 1936).
291. Zhang may have divulged to Mao’s secret liaison in Xi’an that he intended to “stage a coup d’état.” Guotao, Rise of the Chinese Communist Party, II: 478–9; Chang and Halliday, Mao, 181–2.
292. On Dec. 9, 1936, as a light snow fell, students marked the one-year anniversary of a nationwide anti-Japanese protest and headed out to confront Chiang; upon reaching Lintong they were fired upon; there were casualties. Taylor, Generalissimo, 126–7 (Zhang Xueliang, Columbia Interviews, XXXVII: 25–1901).
293. Li-fu, Storm Clouds, 119–20; Kai-shek, Soviet Russia in China, 73. Chinese Communists had repeatedly tried to solicit the help of the Young Marshal and, despite Moscow’s warnings about his unreliability, preferred Zhang to the Nationalists. Many Chinese Communists were champing at the bit to eliminate Chiang by any means. See also Snow, Random Notes, 1–3.
294. Pantsov and Levine, Mao, 299, citing Ye Zilong, Ye Zilong huiyilu (Beijing: Zhongyang wenxian chbanshe, 2000), 38–9; Chang and Halliday, Mao, 183. See also Guotao, Rise of the Chinese Communist Party, II: 480.
295. Kai-shek, “A Fortnight,” 58–63.
296. Peter H. L. and Edith Chang Papers, 1930s–2001, Columbia University, box 7.
297. Selle, Donald of China, 324. William Henry Donald, a journalist and assistant to Chiang, arrived in Xi’an on Dec. 14, sent by the wife, Soong Mayling, and brother T. V. Soong. Donald, once an adviser to Zhang (until 1933), was allowed to see Chiang, and pleaded with him to compromise on a united front and turn against the Japanese. Mayling, Sian.
298. Banac, Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 41 (Dec. 13, 1936); RGASPI, f. 146, op. 2, d. 3, l. 29.
299. Krymov, Istoriko-memuarnye zapiski, 288–90.
