3. Lebedev, “M. N. Tukhachevskii i ‘voenno-fashistskii zagovor,’” 7–20, 255; Voennye arkhivy Rossii, 111; Khaustov, “Deiatel’nost’ organov,” 188–9.
4. Mlechin, KGB, 162–3.
5. Radek at his public trial on Jan. 24, 1937, had mentioned Tukhachevsky’s name as a co-conspirator. Radek then tried to retract, but the deed had been done. Report of Court Proceedings, 105, 146. After the first Moscow trial, Werner von Tippelskirch, a German military attaché in Moscow, had reported to Berlin (Sept. 28, 1936) the speculation about a pending trial of Red Army commanders. Erickson, Soviet High Command, 427 (citing Serial 6487/E486016–120: Report A/2037).
6. Wollenberg, Red Army, 224; Erickson, Soviet High Command, 465; Conquest, Great Terror: Reassessment, 201–35; Ulam, Stalin, 457–8; Tucker, Stalin in Power; Volkogonov, Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy. Assertions of a real plot go back to the time and have persisted: Duranty, USSR, 222; Davies, Mission to Moscow, I: 111. The claptrap persists: Prudnikova and Kolpakidi, Dvoinoi zagovor.
7. Whitewood, Red Army. This is a variant on Harris, “Encircled by Enemies.”
8. Khrushchev had blamed German intelligence for inciting Stalin’s suspicious personality. For the fables, see Höttl, Secret Front, 77–85 (Höttl was an Austrian intelligence officer swept into the German S.D. in 1938); Reitlinger, SS, 93–6. See also Krivitsky, In Stalin’s Secret Service, 213–43, and Erickson, Soviet High Command, 433–6. No such Tukhachevsky dossier obtained from abroad was ever mentioned by Stalin in the many discussions he held that have been transcribed; no reference to such a dossier appears in Tukhachevsky’s secret case files.
9. Spalcke, “Der Fall Tuchatschewski”; Sluch, “‘Delo Tukhachevskogo.’” The archive fire took place on the night of March 1–2, 1937. Volkogonov, Triumf i tragediia, I/ii: 258 (quoting a Yezhov report to Stalin, no citation). The Gestapo had long been trying to set up the talented Red Marshal Tukhachevsky, echoing the Russian emigration’s fantasies about a Russian Bonaparte. RGVA, f. 33 987, op. 3, d. 864, l. 60–7, Volkogonov papers, Hoover, container 17; Golubev et al., Rossiia i zapad, 186 (citing GARF, f. 5853, op. 1, d. 8, l. 126; d. 9, l. 125; d. 14, l. 85); Voennye arkhivy Rossii, 99; Il’in, “Zapiski.”
10. Pravda’s Berlin correspondent wrote home that Wehrmacht circles were abuzz about their secret links to the Red Army, especially to Tukhachevsky. Mekhlis excerpted the letter for Stalin (Jan. 16, 1937). Lebedev, “M. N. Tukhachevskii i ‘voenno-fashistskii zagovor,’” 15.
11. Uritsky discounted the possibility of such clandestine collaboration, but reported the rumors anyway. Volkogonov, Triumf i tragediia, I/ii: 255, citing TsGASA, f. 33987, op. 3, d. 1036, l. 270–4 (April 9, 1937).
