239. Shaposhnikov had crossed out the order’s date in red pen and written in Sept. 14. Pikhoia and Gieysztor, Katyn’: plenniki, 59–63 (TsAMO, f. 148a, op. 3763, d. 69, l. 1–3, 4–6); Mel’tiukhov, Sovetsko-pol’skie voiny (2004), 435–47.
240. “The distrust on my side toward Stalin,” Hitler would observe to Mussolini on Oct. 28, 1940, “is matched by Stalin’s distrust toward me.” Langer, Undeclared War, 136 (no citation). According to Zhukov, Zhdanov, too, said it was impossible to trust Hitler. Simonov, “Zametki k biogfraii G. K. Zhukova,” 49.
241. Legner held an NKVD officer’s rank. Rybin, Stalin v oktiabre, 65–6. In Legner’s workshop, Nina Matveevna Gupalo sewed the clothes for politburo and other high-placed spouses. Back in 1938, after half the government guard detail had been arrested in a single night, Alexei Rybin (b. 1908), a member of the construction team for the Nearby Dacha and once a bodyguard for Kaganovich, then Orjonikidze, became military commandant of the Bolshoi Theater. Radzinskii, Stalin, 401; Rybin, Kto otravil Stalina?, 59.
242. Sharapov, “Piat’sot stranits v den’”; Shefov, “Dve vstrechi,” 154; Ilizarov, Tainaia zhizn’ Stalina, passim; Medvedev and Medvedev, Neizvestnyi Stalin; Shepilov, Kremlin’s Scholar.
243. By some accounts, Radek had translated Mein Kampf for politburo members already in the early 1930s, before Hitler had come to power. The internal Russian translation of Mein Kampf would be published only after the fall of the Soviet Union: Adol’f Gitler, Moia bor’ba (Moscow: T-Oko, 1992).
244. Asada, From Mahan to Pearl Harbor, 168.
245. Kalinin’s copy has been preserved with marginalia about “a prolix, contentless” book “for petty shop owners”: RGASPI, f. 78, op. 8, d. 140; Ilizarov, Tainaia zhizn’ Stalina, 137; Ilizarov, “Stalin” (no. 4) 190–1.
246. Khrushchev, Vospominaniia, I: 219; Khrushchev, Memoirs, I: 216.
247. Gareev, Neodnoznachnye stranitsy, 20. Makhmut Gareyev (b. 1923) would rise to army general.
248. Heiden, Die Geschichte des Nationalsozialismus; Geiden, Istoriia germanskogo fashizma, 60. Volkogonov, Stalin: Triumf i tragediia, II/i: 23–26; Volkogonov, Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy, 352–3. Heiden also produced the valuable Hitler: eine Biographie, 2 vols. (Zurich: Europa, 1936–7).
249. Volkogonov, Triumf i tragediia, II/1: 25 (no citation); Volkogonov, Stalin: Triumph and Tragedy, 352.
250. Khrushchev, Memoirs, I: 274–5.
251. Izvestiia, Sept. 16, 1939; Tisminets, Vneshniaia politika SSSR, IV: 446.
252. On the military orders, see Zolotarev, Russkii arkhiv: Velikaia otechestvennaia, XVIII (VII/i): 133 (RGVA, f. 33977, op. 1, d. 28, l. 36); and Efimenko et al., Vooruzhennyi konflikt, 409 (RGVA, f. 33977, op. 1, d. 28, l. 38). On July 18, 1940, Japan would effectively recognize the boundaries as claimed by the USSR. Ikuhiko, “Japanese-Soviet Confrontation,” 174–5.
253. Ikuhiko, “Japanese-Soviet Confrontation.” See also Sorge’s report of Sept. 10, 1939: Zolotarev, Russkii arkhiv: Velikaia oteechestvennaia, XVIII (VII/i): 159 (TsAMO, f. 23, op. 22407, d. 2, l. 455–6).
254. DGFP, series D, VIII: 79–80 (Schulenburg, Sept. 17, 1939)
255. Biegański et al., Documents on Polish-Soviet Relations, I: doc. 69; DVP SSSR, XXII/ii: 94–96 (AVP RF, f. 011, op. 4, pap. 24, d. 7, l. 176–9: Potyomkin-Grzybowski, Sept. 17, 1939), 96 (f. 059, op. 1, pap. 313, d. 2155, l. 49–51: diplomatic note); Izvestiia, Sept. 18, 1939; Pikhoia and Gieysztor (eds.), Katyn’: plenniki, 65–7 (APRF, f. 3, op. 50, d. 410, l. 35–9: Potyomkin diary, Sept. 17, 1939); Cienciala et al., Katyn, 44–7; Official Documents Concerning Polish-German and Polish-Soviet Relations, 211–12. Schulenburg had been shown the note and allowed to suggest changes. Sontag and Beddie, Nazi-Soviet Relations, 96.
256. Liszewski, Polsko-sowiecka wojna, 24 (citing the prophetic words of Marshal Rydz-Smilga).
