65. Dongarov, “Voina, kotoryi moglo ne byt’,” 35 (citing AVP RF, f. 06, op. 1, pap. 18, d. 193, l. 3–6).
66. Tanner, Winter War, 42.
67. Jakobson, Diplomacy of the Winter War, 125.
68. Tanner, Winter War, 40–56. Stalin had been warned the Finns would drag out the talks. DVP SSSR, XXII/ii: 184.
69. Khristoforov et al., Zimniaia voina, 173 (TsA FSB, f. 3, op. 6, d. 31, l. 145–6: Oct. 27, 1939).
70. Roberts, “Soviet Policy and the Baltic States.” On pogroms against Jews by Poles in Wilno, following the arrival of Soviet and Lithuanian troops, see Senn, Lithuania, 55–67.
71. Banac, Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 119–20. Dimitrov does not appear in Stalin’s office logbook for Oct. 25 (no one does): Na prieme, 277. Dimitrov published his article “The War and the Working Class in the Capitalist Countries,” in Communist International, 1939, no. 8–9.
72. Izvestiia, Oct. 31, 1939; Kabanen, “Dvoinaia igra.”
73. Kollontai, Diplomaticheskie dnevniki, II: 466. Molotov instructed Kollontai to ensure the neutrality of Sweden in a Soviet-Finnish War. In the scholarly publication of her diplomatic notebooks, the Nov. visit to Moscow occurs without a meeting with Stalin. Kollontai is not recorded in the office logbooks after 1934. Kollontai, Diplomaticheskie dnevniki, II: 467. Another version has her meeting Stalin: “Beseda Stalina s A. M. Kollontai,” in Sochineniia, XVIII: 606–11 (originally published in Dialog, 1998, no. 8: 92–4). Kollontai knew she was closely watched by the NKVD. Vaksberg, Alexandra Kollontai, 414–21.
74. Pravda (Nov. 3) stated defiantly in an editorial, “we will defend the security of the Soviet Union regardless, breaking down all obstacles of whatever character, in order to attain our goal.”
75. Jakobson, Diplomacy of the Winter War, 135; Tanner, Winter War, 67. Khrushchev recalled that at a dinner sometime in Nov. 1939, Stalin, along with Molotov and Otto Kuusinen, agreed “the Finns should be given a last chance to accept the territorial demands,” otherwise “we would take military action.” Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers, 177–8.
76. It is not clear that Paasikivi and Tanner were familiar with theses islands. Rzheshevskii et al., Zimniaia voina, I: 127; Tanner, Winter War, 67–8; Jakobson, Diplomacy of the Winter War, 136.
77. Molotov delivered a speech from the stage, followed by music and dancing. Stalin sat in the tsar’s box, obscured. At intermission, as the guests took advantage of the buffet, Derevyansky, the Soviet envoy to Helsinki, approached Tanner, who claims to have told him the negotiations were going poorly. Tanner, Winter War, 69.
78. Zolotarev, Russkii arkhiv: Velikaia otechestvennaia, XIII (II/i): 100–2 (RGVA, f. 4, op. 15, d. 25, l. 636–38). Pravda, in articles and cartoons (Oct. 6, 25, and 26, Nov. 12 and 20), relentlessly pounded home the view that the imperialist powers (Britain and France) were inciting war to garner profit and suppress freedoms at home, while scheming to drag “neutral powers” such as the Soviet Union into their bloody game—meaning a Soviet-German war.
79. “There can be no doubt that Stalin was genuinely anxious to reach a settlement,” concluded the scholar Max Jakobson: Diplomacy of the Winter War, 144. Stalin watched the morning Revolution Day parade on Nov. 7 atop the Mausoleum, as massive columns of Red Army soldiers and armor passed, followed by columns of workers bearing aloft portraits of him, then attended the late-afternoon luncheon with the retinue at Voroshilov’s apartment. “I believe that the slogan of turning the imperialist war into a civil war (during the first imperialist war) was appropriate only for Russia, where the workers were tied to the peasants and under tsarist conditions could engage in an assault on the bourgeoisie,” he told those assembled. “For the European countries that slogan was inappropriate, for there the workers had received a few democratic reforms from the bourgeoisie and were clinging to them, and they were not willing to engage in a civil war (revolution) against the bourgeoisie.” Banac, Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 120–1.
80. Tanner, Winter War, 71–2.
81. DGFP, series D, VIII: 293 (Hitler to Sven Hedin); Tanner, Winter War, 82–3.
82. Upton, Finland, 43–44; Tanner, Winter War, 82; Jakobson, Diplomacy of the Winter War, 142; Bernev and Rupasov, Zimniaia voina, 172; Ken et al., Shvetsiia v politike Moskvy.
