86. NZh, No. 54/269 (March 16/29, 1918), 4; D. Francis, Russia from the American Embassy (New York, 1922), 264–65. Brian Pearce, How Haig Saved Lenin (London, 1988), 15–16.
87. NS, No. 23 (May 15, 1918), 2.
88. NZh, No. 54/269 (March 16/29, 1918), 4.
89. Letter dated April 12, 1918, in Sadoul, Notes, 305. On German pressure: Lenin in NS, No. 23 (May 15, 1918), 2.
90. Lenin, PSS, XXXVI, 3–26.
91. Lenin, Sochineniia, XXII, 559–61, 613.
92. KPSS v rezoliutsiiakh i resheniiakh s”ezdov, konferentsii iplenumov TsK, 1898–1953, 7th ed., I (Moscow, 1953), 405; cf. Lenin, PSS, XXXVI, 37–38, 40.
93. George Kennan, Russia Leaves the War (Princeton, N.J., 1956), 255.
94. Cumming and Pettit, Russian-American Relations, 70.
95. Dekrety, I, 386–87; on this, see below, Chap. 15.
96. NKh, No. 11 (1918), 19–20.
97. Cumming and Pettit, Russian-American Relations, 87–88.
98. Ibid., 91–92.
99. Ibid., 89; Russian original in Lenin, PSS, XXXVI, 91.
100. Noulens, Mon Ambassade, II, 34–35.
101. Izvestiia, No. 190/454 (September 4, 1918), 3.
102. See below, Chap. 14.
103. Izvestiia, No. 242/506 (November 5, 1918), 4.
104. Lenin, PSS, XXXVI, 331.
105. Ibid., 340.
106. Ibid., XLI, 55.
Chapter 14
1. Lenin, PSS, XXXIV, 245.
2. Dekrety, I, 16.
3. Lenin, PSS, XXXVII, 79.
4 E. N. Gorodetskii, Rozhdenie sovetskogo gosudarstva (Moscow, 1965), 402–3; John Erickson in Richard Pipes, ed., Revolutionary Russia (Cambridge, Mass., 1968), 230–31.
5. M. Mayzel, An Army in Transition: The Russian High Command, October 1917–May 1918 (Tel Aviv University, 1976), in Slavic and Soviet Series, I, No. 5 (September 1976).
6. A. G. Kavtaradze, Voennye spetsialisty na sluzhbe Respubliki Sovetov, 1917–1920 gg. (Moscow, 1988), passim.
7. Gorodetskii, Rozhdenie, 399–401; Erickson in Pipes, Revolutionary Russia, 232.
8. Gorodetskii, Rozhdenie, 416.
9. Dekrety, I, 342, 356–57.
10. Dekrety, I, 588; Izvestiia, No. 17/281 (January 23, 1918), 3.
11. NZh, No. 23/237 (February 13, 1918), 1; cf. Leon Trotsky, Revolution Betrayed (New York, 1972), 210–11.
12. Lenin, PSS, XXXVIII, 139.
13. Dekrety, I, 356.
14. Ia. Kaimin, Latyshskie strelki v bor’be za pobedu Oktiabr’skoi revoliutsii (Riga, 1961), 27–37.
15. NZh, No. 112/327 (June 9, 1918), 3; Dekrety, II, 440.
16. NZh, No. 101/316 (May 28, 1918), 4.
17. I. I. Vatsetis in Pamia’, No. 2 (Paris, 1979), 44.
18. Dekrety, I, 577.
19. Ibid., 522–23; II, 63–70, 569–70; Lenin, Khronika, V, 291; Kavtaradze, Voennye spetsialisty, 72–88.
20. Dekrety, II, 63–70.
21. Gen. [Henri A.] Niessel, Le Triomphe des Bolcheviks et la Paix de Brest-Litovsk: Souvenirs, 1917–1918 (Paris, 1940), 329–30.
22. J. Noulens, Mon Ambassade en Russie Soviétique, II (Paris, 1933), 27; cf. J. Sadoul, Notes sur la Révolution Bolchevique (Paris, 1920), 274, 277; Niessel, Triomphe, 331.
23. Noulens, Mon Ambassade, II, 70–71.
24. Sadoul, Notes, 290–91. Letter dated April 6, 1918.
25. C. K. Cumming and W. W. Pettit, eds., Russian-American Relations March 1917–March 1920 (New York, 1920), 98.
26. Ibid., 100.
27. Lenin, Khronika, V, 356; Russian-American Relations, 130–31.
28. Lenin, Khronika, V, 452–53; G. Kennan, The Decision to Intervene (Princeton, N.J., 1958), 217–18; Winfried Baumgart, Deutsche Ostpolitik 1918 (Vienna-Munich, 1966), 265–66; Lenin, PSS, L, 74–75.
29. NS, No. 23 (May 15, 1918), 2.
30. Noulens, Mon Ambassade, II, 53.
31. K. D. Erdmann, ed., Kurt Riezler: Tagebücher, Aufsätze, Dokumente (Göttingen, 1972), 462.
32. See his Mit Graf Mirbach in Moskau (Tübingen, 1922). Bothmer kept a diary, which has not been published: W. Baumgart in VZ, XVI, No. 1 (1968), 73n.
33. Report of April 30, 1918, in VZ, XVI, No. 1 (1968), 77–78. English translation in Z. A. B. Zeman, ed., Germany and the Revolution in Russia, 1915–1918 (London, 1958), 120–21.
34. Erdmann, Riezler, 463.
35. Baumgart in VZ, XVI, No. 1 (1968), 80. Report dated May 16. Cf. Zeman, Germany, 126–27.
