166. N. G. Palgunov and O. I. Rozanova, eds., Shesnadtsat’dnei: materialypo istorii iaroslavskogo belogvardeiskogo miatezha (Iaroslavl, 1924), 135–41.
167. A. Pacquet in Baumgart, Von Brest-Litovsk, 66–67.
168. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 230.
169. Erdmann, Riezler, 474.
170. Ibid., 719.
171. Ibid., 474–75.
172. Riezler in Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 230–31.
173. Pamiat’, No. 2, 43–44.
174. Erdmann, Riezler, 112–13; Helfferich, Der Weltkrieg, III, 652.
175. Denikin archive in Bakhmeteff Archive, Columbia University, “Iz dnevnika kniaziia Grigoriia Trubetskogo,” 8.
176. Erdmann, Riezler, 722.
177. Riezler’s cable of July 28, in Erdmann, Riezler, 732.
178. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 231; Lenin, PSS, XXXVI, 523.
179. Lenin, PSS, XXXVI, 523–26.
180. Erdmann, Riezler, 467.
181. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 244.
182. Draft of policy paper dated July 11, as summarized in Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 225–26.
183. Kennan, Decision, 391–404; Ullman, Intervention, 192, 195–96.
184. Ullman, Intervention, 240–42.
185. Ibid.
186. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 102–4.
187. Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, IV (London, 1975), 224.
188. Ullman, Intervention, 240.
189. Ibid.
190. Ibid.
191. Noulens, Mon Ambassade, II, 176.
192. Klante, Von der Wolga, 180–81.
193. J. Skačel, Československa Armada v Rusku a Kolčak (Prague, 1926), 36.
194. Klante, Von der Wolga, 195.
195. Melgunov, Tragediia, I, 100–1.
196. Golovin, Kontr-revoliutsiia, Pt. 3, Book 7, 119.
197. Helfferich, Der Weltkrieg, III, 653. Further: Lenin, PSS, L, 134–35; G. Rosenfeld, Sowjet-Russland und Deutschland, 1917–1922 (Köln, 1984), 119; Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 108–10.
198. Erdmann, Riezler, 472n.
199. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 239–40. Cf. Rosenfeld, Sowjet-Russland, 119, where first publication of a similar analysis made by Helfferich on August 19.
200. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 245–46.
201. Rosenfeld, Sowjet-Russland, 106.
202. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 275.
203. ISSSR, No. 4 (1958), 13–14.
204. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 186, 280.
205. Lenin, Khronika, VI, 83.
206. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 114.
207. Intercepted message from Ioffe to Moscow in H. W. Gatzke, VZ, III, No. 1 (1955), 96–97, dated August 13.
208. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 115.
209. Europäische Gespräche, IV, No. 3 (1926), 148.
210. Gatzke in VZ, III, No. 1 (1955), 96–97.
211. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 302–3.
212. Protokoly VTsIK, 5-go Sozyva, 95.
213. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 317–18.
214. Kobliakov in ISSSR, No. 4 (1958), 15; Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 319–21.
215. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 321–22; General Ludendorff, My War Memories, II (London, n.d.), 659.
216. Lenin, PSS, XXXVII, 97–100.
217. Bunyan, Intervention, 151; Protokoly VTsIK, 5-go Sozyva, 251–53.
218. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 357.
219. Ioffe in VZh, No. 5 (1919), 38.
220. Tiedemann, Sowjetrussland, 74; Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 365n.
221. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 358. Soviet account of this episode in Dokumenty vneshnei politiki SSSR, I (Moscow, 1957), 560–64.
222. SUiR, 1917–18, No. 947, 2, 207–8.
223. Wheeler-Bennett, Forgotten Peace, 370–71, 451–53.
224. Helfferich, Der Weltkrieg, III, 656.
225. Richard K. Debo, Revolution and Survival (Liverpool, 1979), xiii.
226. Bryan Pearce, How Haig Saved Lenin (London, 1987), 7.
Chapter 15
1. Sovetskaia Istoricheskaia Entsiklopediia, III (Moscow, 1963), 600.
2. Lenin, PSS, XLIII, 220.
3. Concerning this controversy, see Paul Craig Roberts in Alienation and the Soviet Economy (University of New Mexico Press, 1971), 20–47, and S. Malle, The Economic Organization of War Communism, 1918–1921 (Cambridge, 1985), 1–23.
4. L. Trotskii, Chto takoe SSSR i kuda on idët? (Paris, n.d.), 16.
5. SUiR, No. 154, 152; No. 674, 743–46.
6. Ibid., No. 425, 397–98 and No. 420, 394–96.
7. Ibid., No. 456, 428–30.
8. On this, see my Russia under the Old Regime (New York, 1974), especially Chap. 4.
9. Cited in R. Lorenz, Anfänge der Bolschewistischen Industriepolitik (Köln, 1965), 85. See further Leszek Kolakowski, Main Currents of Marxism, II (Oxford, 1978), 297–304.
