1. Linton C. Freeman, “Centrality in Social Networks: Conceptual Clarifications”, Social Networks 1 (1979): 215-239; Daniel J. Brass, “Being in the Right Place: A Structural Analysis of Individual Influence in an Organization”, Administrative Science Quarterly 29 (1984): 518-539.
462 Примечание
2. Freeman, “Centrality in Social Networks”.
3. Alex Bavelas, “Communication Patterns in Task Oriented Groups”, Journal of Acoustical Society of America 22 (1950): 725-730; Harold J. Leavitt, “Effects of Certain Communication Patterns on Group Performance”, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 46 (1951): 38-50.
4. Kenneth D. Mackenzie, A Theory of Group Structures (London: Gordon and Breach, 1975).
5. Jay R. Galbraith, Designing Complex Organizations (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1973).
6. Ibid.
7. Hickson et al., “A Strategic Contingencies’ Theory of Intraorganizational Power", Administrative Science Quarterly 16 (1971): 216-229.
8. Andrew M. Pettigrew, “Information Control as a Power Resource”, Sociology 6(1972): 190-191.
9. Brass, “Being in the Right Place”, 519.
10. Ibid., 525.
11. Ibid., 532.
12. David Krackhardt, “Assessing the Political Landscape; Structure, Cognition and Power in Organizations”, Administrative Science Quarterly 35 (1990): 342-369.
13. Jeffrey Pfeffer and Alison Konrad, “The Effects of Individual Power on Earnings”, Work and Occupations (in press, 1991).
14. Frank Rose, West of Eden: The End of Innocence at Apple Computer (New York: Viking Penguin, 1989), 244-245.
15. Ibid., 298.
16. Robert A. Caro, The Path to Power: The Years of Lyndon Johnson (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982), 266.
17. Mark Stevens, Sudden Death: The Rise and Fall of E.F. Hutton (New York: Penguin, 1989), 161.
18. Henry Kissinger, The White House Years (Boston: Little, Brown,
1979), 47.
19. David Halberstam, The Reckoning (New York: William Morrow, 1986); Neil Fligstein, “The Intraorganizational Power Struggle: Rise of
Примечание 463
Finance Personnel to Top Leadership in Large Corporations, 1919-1979”, American Sociological Review 52 (1987): 44-58.
20. Maryann Keller, Rude Awakening: The Rise, Fall, and Struggle for Recovery of General Motors (New York: William Morrow, 1989), 58.
21. Ibid., 60-61.
22. Festinger, S. Schacter, and K. Back, SocialI Pressures in Informal Groups (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1950).
23. John P. Kotter, “Power, Success, and Organizational Effectiveness”, Organizational Dynamics 6, no. 3 (1978): 27-40.
24. Christopher Byron, The Fanciest Dive (New York: W.W. Norton, 1986).
25. Patrick Wright, On a Clear Day You Can See General Motors (Grosse point, MI: Wright Enterprises, 1979).
26. Rosabeth M. Kanter, Men and Women of the Corporation (New York: Basic Books, 1977).
Глава 71. New York Times (July 15,1978): 23.
2. Sally Bedell Smith, In All His Glory: The Life of William S. Paley (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), 397.
3. David Mechanic, “Sources of Power of Lower Participants in Complex Organizations”, Administrative Science Quarterly 1 (1962): 349-364.
4. John W. Gardner, On Leadership (New York: Free Press, 1990), 24.
5. Stanley Milgram, Obedience to Authority (New York: Harper and Row, 1974).
6. Max Weber, The Theory of Social and Economic Organization (New York: Free Press, 1947).
7. Steven Bach, Final Cut: Dreams and Disaster in the Making of Heavens Gate (New York: William Morrow, 1985), 54.
8. Lynne G. Zucker, “The Role of Institutionalization in Cultural Persistence”, American Sociological Review 42 (1977): 726-743.
9. R.C. Jacobs and D.T. Campbell, “The Perpetuation of an Arbitrary Tradition Through Successive Generations of a Laboratory Microculture”, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 62 (1961): 649-658.
464 Примечание
10. Zucker, “The Role of Institutionalization”, 732.
11. Ibid., 732-733.
