17d05d030193283f60ac573244de53e6 полностью

73. See Lothar Wolff to Louis de Rochemont and Joseph Bryan, 13 February 1952, 8.5, de Rochemont Papers. This memorandum summarizes the main points agreed at a meeting held the previous day. Wolff’s letter to Halas of February 28

reproduces these points almost verbatim.

74. Anonymous review of Animal Farm script, n.d., 8.5, de Rochemont Papers.

75. Shaw, British Cinema, p. 101. Joe Bryan and other officers of the Psychological Warfare Workshop visited the studio in person on several different occasions.

See Leab, “Animators and Animals,” 244.

76. See Shaw, British Cinema, pp. 104–113, for information about the 1956 cinematic version of Nineteen Eighty-Four, including the involvement of the USIA and American Committee for Cultural Freedom.

77. One reason for the film’s acclaim was its energetic promotion by other U.S. government agencies and front organizations, including the ACCF, which obtained

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favorable coverage in New York newspapers, dispensed discount coupons to young moviegoers, and reminded exhibitors that Orwell’s novel was “one of the most important anti-communist documents of our time.” Sol Stein to Manager, Paris Theatre, 5 January 1955, 8.2, ACCF Papers.

78. Deputies’ Meeting minutes, 16 May 1956, CIA Records Search Tool (CREST), National Archives, Washington, D.C. In 1953, CIA officer Tracy Barnes felt the need to scotch rumors circulating in the Pentagon that he had “MGM people making a movie out on the West Coast.” The facts of the matter, Barnes wrote, were that “one of our people” had shown “certain MGM representatives an unclassified version of the film about the American fliers” on the understanding

“that no use would be made of any portion of this film without first getting a clearance for the desired use. We are therefore not having MGM make a film.”

Tracy Barnes to William H. Godel, “Meeting in Pentagon on 29 September 1953,” 1 October 1953, CREST.

79. Anon. to “Owen,” 24 January, 6 February, 26 January, 7 February, 9 March, and 24 January 1953, box 5, folder Movies, Jackson Records.

80. Saunders, Who Paid the Piper? p. 290.

81. Anon. to “Owen,” 7 February 1953, box 5, folder Movies, Jackson Records.

82. Tony Shaw, “Ambassadors of the Screen: Film and the State-Private Network in Cold War America,” in Helen Laville and Hugh Wilford, eds., The U.S. Government, Citizen Groups, and the Cold War: The State-Private Network (London: Routledge, 2006), p. 167; David Eldridge, “‘Dear Owen’: The CIA, Luigi Luraschi, and Hollywood, 1953,” Historical Journal of Film, Radio, and Television 20 (2000): 156, 185n69.

83. Quoted in Eldridge, “Dear Owen,” 152. Saunders’s misattribution is probably the result of the letters in the Jackson records being cross-referenced to “Carlton Alsop” ( sic). Eldridge was unable to identify the author’s correspondent, whom is addressed simply as “Dear Owen.” The letters are reproduced in full in the Eldridge article.

6. The CIA on Campus

1. Henry Kissinger to H. Gates Lloyd, 20 April 1951, box 110, folder Central Intelligence Agency, 1949–1951 (hereafter CIA), William Y. Elliott Papers, Hoover Institution, Stanford University.

2. Henry Kissinger to H. Gates Lloyd, 7 May 1951, box 110, folder CIA, Elliott Papers.

3. Walter Isaacson, Kissinger: A Biography (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992), p. 62.

4. Quoted in ibid., p. 63.

5. Quoted in ibid., p. 79.

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285

6. Henry Kissinger, “Informal Memorandum for Professor Elliott,” n.d., box 2, folder International Seminar—Harvard, 1951–1959 (hereafter IS—H), Elliott Papers.

7. Steering Committee minutes, Summer School Foreign Student Project, 14 November 1950, box 2, folder IS—H, Elliott Papers. For invitation: anon., “Harvard Summer School Foreign Student Program,” n.d., box 2, folder IS—H, Elliott Papers.

8. William Elliott to H. Gates Lloyd, 15 November 1950; William Elliott to Julius Fleischmann, 7 January 1953; William Elliott to Julius Fleischmann, 21 January 1953, all box 110, folder CIA, Elliott Papers.

9. Henry Kissinger, “Informal Memorandum for Professor Elliott,” n.d.; Steering Committee minutes, Summer School Foreign Student Project, 14 November 1950, both in box 2, folder IS—H, Elliott Papers.

10. William Elliott to Alfred P. Sloan, n.d., box 2, folder IS—H, Elliott Papers.

11. William Elliott to Don K. Price, 13 February 1954, box 2, folder IS—H, Elliott Papers. Harvard professor quoted in Isaacson, Kissinger, p. 71. Henry Kissinger to William Elliott, 22 August 1951, box 2, folder IS—H, Elliott Papers.

12. “Harvard Programs Received CIA Help,” New York Times, 16 April 1967, 53.