Malcolm III (Canmore), King of Scotland, ref 1
Malcolm IV, King of Scotland, ref 1
Maldon, battle of (991), ref 1
Malory, Thomas: Le Morte Darthur, ref 1, ref 2
Manchester: name, ref 1
Mancini, Dominic, ref 1, ref 2
manor: as centre of agrarian life, ref 1
court records, ref 1
at Wharram Percy, ref 1
accounts, ref 1, ref 2
Map, Walter, ref 1
March, Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of, ref 1
March, Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of see Mortimer, Roger
Margaret of Anjou, Queen of Henry VI: marriage to Henry, ref 1, ref 2
birth of son, ref 1
opposes Richard of York, ref 1
and threat to son’s succession, ref 1, ref 2
in Wars of the Roses, ref 1, ref 2
shut out of London, ref 1
flees to Scotland, ref 1
takes refuge in Anjou, ref 1
forms alliance with Warwick against Edward IV, ref 1, ref 2
taken prisoner at Tewkesbury, ref 1
incarcerated in Tower and ransomed by Louis XI, ref 1
Louis XI supports, ref 1
Margaret, Queen of Edward I, ref 1
Margaret Tudor, Queen of James IV of Scotland, ref 1
Margaret of York see Burgundy, Margaret of York, Duchess of
Markeby, John de, ref 1
Martin, St, ref 1
Mase, Harry, ref 1
Mass, the, ref 1
Matilda (earlier Edith), Queen of Henry I, ref 1
Matilda (Maud), Empress (Henry I’s daughter): and succession to Henry, ref 1
conflict with Stephen over crown, ref 1
hailed as ‘lady of England’, ref 1
unpopularity, ref 1
retires to Rouen, ref 1
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, ref 1
measurement: inexactness, ref 1
see also yard
Meaux, siege of (1421), ref 1
medicine: practice of, ref 1
megaliths, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
see also Stonehenge
melancholy (humour), ref 1
merchant adventurers, ref 1
Mercia, kingdom of, ref 1, ref 2
Meredith, George, ref 1
Merfield, William, ref 1
Meriden, Warwickshire, ref 1
Mesolithic people, ref 1, ref 2
Middle Saxons, ref 1
Middleham, north Yorkshire, ref 1
Milton, John: Paradise Lost, ref 1
minsters (communities of priests and monks), ref 1
miracle and mystery plays, ref 1
monasteries: established by Normans, ref 1
children recruited to, ref 1
Mons Badonicus, battle of (490), ref 1
Montfort, Eleanor de, Countess of Leicester, ref 1
Montfort, Simon de, Earl of Leicester: opposes Henry III, ref 1
and summoning of parliament, ref 1
defeated at Evesham (1265), ref 1
death and burial, ref 1
Morast (fruit drink), ref 1
More, Sir Thomas: personal display, ref 1
on literacy in England, ref 1
on Edward IV, ref 1
on Richard III, ref 1, ref 2
on Henry VII, ref 1
mort d’ancestor (legal procedure), ref 1 mortality: age of, ref 1
infant, ref 1 Mortimer, Anne, ref 1 Mortimer, Roger, 1st Earl of March, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Mortimer’s Cross, battle of (1461), ref 1
Morton, John, Archbishop of Canterbury (earlier Bishop of Ely), ref 1, ref 2
Motte, Agnes, ref 1
Mowbray, Thomas see Norfolk, 1st Duke of
murrain (disease), ref 1, ref 2
names: changes under Normans, ref 1
navy: King John constructs, ref 1
Henry V builds up, ref 1
Neckam, Alexander, ref 1
Nefyn, Wales, ref 1
Neolithic: as term, ref 1, ref 2
Neolithic period, ref 1, ref 2
Neville family: support Yorkists in Wars of Roses, ref 1, ref 2
Neville, George, Archbishop of York, ref 1, ref 2
Neville’s Cross, battle of (1346), ref 1
Newfoundland, ref 1
Norfolk, John Howard, 1st Duke of, ref 1, ref 2
Norfolk, Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of, ref 1, ref 2
Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of, ref 1
Normandy: Henry I invades and conquers, ref 1
Henry II’s expedition to, ref 1
King John loses to Philip Augustus, ref 1
Edward III invades, ref 1
Henry V in, ref 1, ref 2
France reclaims, ref 1, ref 2
Normans: and separation of Church and state, ref 1
Ethelred marries into, ref 1
Edward the Comfessor’s loyalty to, ref 1
under William, ref 1
invade and conquer England, ref 1
oppressive rule and occupation of England, ref 1
buildings, ref 1
introduce French language, ref 1
assimilated, ref 1, ref 2
names, ref 1
council, ref 1
wheat-growing and eating, ref 1
dynasty, ref 1
Norsemen see Vikings
North America: English exploration and settlement, ref 1
North Sea: formed, ref 1
Northampton: parliament (1380), ref 1
scholastic community, ref 1
Northampton, battle of (1460), ref 1
Northumberland, Henry Percy, 1st Earl of, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Northumberland, Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of (Hotspur), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Northumberland, Henry Percy, 4th Earl of, ref 1
Northumberland, Henry Percy, 5th Earl of, ref 1
Northumberland, kingdom of: power, ref 1
Vikings conquer, ref 1
Malcolm IV surrenders to Henry II, ref 1
Norway: Viking raiders from, ref 1
Norwich: population, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
social divisions, ref 1
grammar school, ref 1
Noseles, Philip, ref 1
Noteman, Andrew, ref 1
Offa’s Dyke, ref 1
Oldcastle, Sir John, ref 1
Orderic Vitalis, ref 1, ref 2
Ordinance of Labourers (1349), ref 1
Orkney: surrendered to Scotland, ref 1
Orleans: Joan of Arc lifts siege, ref 1
Orleton, Adam, Bishop of Hereford, ref 1
Osborne, John, ref 1
Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor, ref 1
Oxford, John de Vere, 12th Earl of, ref 1
Oxford, Provisions of (1258), ref 1
Oxford University: teaching of law, ref 1
origins, ref 1
student violence and misbehaviour, ref 1
learning, ref 1
‘oyer et terminer’ commission, ref 1
