second marriage (to Isabella), ref 1
sails to Ireland, ref 1
returns to England to oppose Bolingbroke, ref 1
Bolingbroke negotiates with, ref 1
renounces throne in favour of Bolingbroke, ref 1
death and burial, ref 1, ref 2
rumoured survival, ref 1, ref 2
posthumous support for, ref 1
kills Thomas of Gloucester, ref 1
Richard III, King (earlier Duke of Gloucester): reputation, ref 1
and Princes in the Tower, ref 1, ref 2
as rumoured murderer of Henry VI, ref 1
background and service to Edward IV, ref 1
and succession to throne, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
power in north, ref 1
and Edward V’s accession, ref 1
seizes and confines Edward V, ref 1
appointed Protector, ref 1
deformed arm, ref 1
has Hastings executed, ref 1
claims crown, ref 1, ref 2
crowned, ref 1
makes circuit of kingdom, ref 1
appearance and character, ref 1
rebellions against, ref 1
rule, ref 1
piety, ref 1, ref 2
and threat of Henry Tudor, ref 1
and Henry Tudor’s invasion and campaign, ref 1
killed at Bosworth Field and bones scattered, ref 1
Richard of Crudwell, ref 1
Richard, Duke of York: confined in Tower and murdered, ref 1, ref 2
Perkin Warbeck impersonates, ref 1
Richard, Earl of Cornwall and King of the Romans (Henry III’s brother), ref 1, ref 2
Richard le Brewer, ref 1
Riche, Geoffrey, ref 1
Rivers, Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl, ref 1, ref 2
roads and trackways: prehistoric, ref 1
pilgrim routes, ref 1, ref 2
development and maintenance, ref 1
continuity, ref 1
Robert, Duke of Normandy, ref 1, ref 2
Robert, Earl of Gloucester, ref 1
Robert of Reading, ref 1
Robert of Wetherby, ref 1
Robin Hood, ref 1, ref 2
Robin of Redesdale see Conyers, Sir John, ref 1
Rochester castle, ref 1
Roger of Hoveden, ref 1
Roger of Portland, ref 1
Roger of Wendover, ref 1
Roland the Farter (jester), ref 1
Roman Catholicism: Church prevails in England, ref 1
Rome (ancient): invades and occupies England, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
imperial frontiers, ref 1, ref 2
social and cultural influence in England, ref 1, ref 2
taxation, ref 1
Christianity in, ref 1
disputes over imperial power, ref 1
rule in England ends, ref 1
Rouen: Henry V besieges, ref 1
Rous, John: Historia Regum Angliae, ref 1
Rudton, East Yorkshire, ref 1, ref 2
Runnymede, Surrey: Magna Carta signed at, ref 1
Rye: plundered by French, ref 1
Saffron Walden, ref 1
St Albans: first battle of (1455), ref 1
second battle of (1461), ref 1
cloister school, ref 1
saints: and medical cures, ref 1
English, ref 1
Saladin, Sultan, ref 1
Salisbury: scholastic community, ref 1
Salisbury, John Montague, 3rd Earl of, ref 1
Salisbury Plain: prehistoric, ref 1, ref 2
under Romans, ref 1
Salisbury, Richard Neville, 1st Earl of: killed at Wakefield, ref 1
supports Richard of York in Wars of the Roses, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
invades England with Warwick, ref 1
Salisbury, Thomas Montague, 4th Earl of, ref 1
salt: trade in, ref 1
Samain (festival), ref 1
sanctuary, ref 1
Sandwich, Kent: raided by French (1457), ref 1
Savoy Palace, London: burned in Peasants’ Revolt, ref 1
Savoyards: at Henry III’s court, ref 1, ref 2
Sawtré, William, ref 1
Saxon Shore, ref 1, ref 2
Saxons: early settlers, ref 1
recruited as mercenaries, ref 1
spread and colonization, ref 1
Scarborough, ref 1
schools, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Scone Palace, Scotland, ref 1
Scot, John, ref 1
Scotland: Romans reach, ref 1
Athelstan subdues, ref 1
border with England, ref 1, ref 2
Stephen defeats (1138), ref 1
war with Henry II, ref 1
Edward I’s wars with, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
conflict with Edward II, ref 1, ref 2
Edward III’s wars with, ref 1, ref 2
alliance with France against England, ref 1
Edward IV negotiates peace with, ref 1
Perkin Warbeck in, ref 1
union with England (1707), ref 1
Scots: harass Romans, ref 1
Scrope, Richard, Archbishop of York, ref 1
seasons, ref 1
serfs, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
see also peasantry
Shakespeare, William: depicts King John, ref 1
on Tudors, ref 1
Henry IV, Pt.2, ref 1
Henry V, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
The Merry Wives of Windsor, ref 1
Richard II, ref 1
Richard III, ref 1
The Tempest, ref 1
Shaw, Ralph, ref 1
sheep: domesticated, ref 1, ref 2
introduced, ref 1
numbers in Bronze Age, ref 1
numbers in Henry III’s reign, ref 1
and enclosures, ref 1
see also wool
Sheppey, isle of, ref 1
sheriffs, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Sherwood forest, ref 1
Shetland: surrendered to Scotland, ref 1
shires, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Shore, Elizabeth (‘Jane’), ref 1
Shrewsbury, John Talbot, 1st Earl of, ref 1
Sigeberht, King of Kent, ref 1
Silbury Hill, ref 1
Silchester, ref 1, ref 2
Silures (tribe), ref 1
silver: imported, ref 1, ref 2
mines in west country, ref 1
Simeon of Durham, ref 1
Simnel, Lambert (‘Edward VI’), ref 1
slaves: in Iron Age, ref 1
under Anglo-Saxons, ref 1, ref 2
in Domesday Book, ref 1
Sluys: English naval victory over French (1340), ref 1, ref 2
Smith, William (of Leicester), ref 1
Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Somerset, John Beaufort, 1st Duke of, ref 1
Song of the Husbandman, ref 1
Song of Lewes, The (poem), ref 1, ref 2
South Saxons, ref 1, ref 2
space and time: loosely defined, ref 1
sports see games and sports
Stafford, Edmund, 3rd Earl of, ref 1
Stafford, Sir Humphrey, ref 1
