Yeltsin полностью

67 Aleksandr Gamov, “K dnyu rozhdeniyia Yel’tsina v Kreml’ zavezli bulyzhniki iz Sverdlovska” (For Yeltsin’s birthday they have brought cobblestones from Sverdlovsk), Komsomol’skaya pravda, January 29, 1999.

68 “Vse govoryat—strana v nishchete, a tut takiye khoromy” (Everybody says the country is impoverished, but here we have such mansions), interview with Pavel Borodin in Kommersant-Daily, June 19, 1999.

69 The work in the Kremlin had many critics. According to some, preservationists in the Ministry of Culture were not consulted on the contract for Building No. 1 and it was implemented hastily and roughly. Others insisted that many corners were cut both there and in the Grand Kremlin Palace, some ersatz materials were employed, and chandeliers and other objects were sold off below market value. There were also allegations of graft involving the Swiss firm Mabetex. See on this issue Chapter 16.

70 Yel’tsin, Marafon, 196–97.

71 Richard J. Samuels, with a debt to the French anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss, in Machiavelli’s Children: Leaders and Their Legacies in Italy and Japan (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003).

72 Five Moscow streets named after Lenin were renamed in the Yeltsin years, and six were unchanged. Of forty-three other Soviet figures after whom streets were named, all references were dropped to nineteen and to twenty-four they were not (for eight of the twenty-four the name was changed in some cases but not in others). Graeme Gill, “Changing Symbols: The Renovations of Moscow Place Names,” Russian Review 64 (July 2005), 480–503.

73 During his first official visit to France, in February 1992, Yeltsin spoke at Versailles and asked the French to invite persons of Russian origin, many of them members of Parisian high society, to the event. He spoke from the prepared text for a few minutes and then addressed the local Russians directly, pronouncing them welcome in their country of origin and thanking France for having sheltered them. “It was a fantasy moment,” recalled one participant, as protocol was abandoned and guests embraced Yeltsin and the Moscow delegation. Hélène Carrère d’Encausse, interview with the author (September 11, 2007).

74 Benjamin Forest and Juliet Johnson, “Unraveling the Threads of History: Soviet-Era Monuments and Post-Soviet National Identity in Moscow,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 92 (September 2002), 532.

75 Yel’tsin, Marafon, 196. He mentions as one of the practical obstacles differences of opinion over restitution of nationalized property.

76 Vladimir Mezentsev, “Okruzhentsy” (Entourage), part 4, Rabochaya tribuna, March 29, 1995. Twenty-nine deputies abstained on the Kryuchkov vote, which was held in July 1989; six voted against.

77 Bakatin, Izbavleniye ot KGB, 120. See also J. Michael Waller, “Russia: Death and Resurrection of the KGB,” Demokratizatsiya/Democratization 12 (Summer 2004), 333–55.

78 Gennadii Burbulis, third interview, conducted by Yevgeniya Al’bats (August 31, 2001).

79 These were not misplaced fears. One of the difficulties in sorting out new responsibilities for the old KGB was that “many of its structures and functions were necessary for the preservation of a democratic society.” Waller, “Russia: Death and Resurrection,” 347.

80 Aleksandr Korzhakov, Boris Yel’tsin: ot rassveta do zakata (Boris Yeltsin: from dawn to dusk) (Moscow: Interbuk, 1997), 175; Aleksandr Korzhakov, interview with the author (January 28, 2002).

81 Decree No. 2233, December 21, 1993, in Rossiiskaya gazeta, December 24, 1993.

82 Sergei Kovalëv, interview with the author (January 21, 2001).

83 Second Yakovlev interview.

84 “It is hard labor for me to be filmed, as it is with any regulated, forced behavior. I sweat bullets, and I hate terribly to see myself on the screen.” Yel’tsin, Zapiski, 37. In Sverdlovsk, Yeltsin shone in televised performances where he did something concrete—answering citizens’ letters.

85 Source: interviewers with former staffers. See on this general subject A. L. Il’in et al., Otzvuk slova: iz opyta raboty spichraiterov pervogo prezidenta Rossii (Echo of the word: from the work experience of the speech writers of the first president of Russia) (Moscow: Nikkolo M, 1999).

86 Sergei Filatov, Sovershenno nesekretno (Top nonsecret) (Moscow: VAGRIUS, 2000), 103.

87 Gorbachev’s long-windedness reminded Yeltsin of Leo Tolstoy, whose monumental novels he had not wanted to read as a schoolboy in Berezniki. Yeltsin, second interview with the author (February 9, 2002).

88 Valentina Lantseva, interview with the author (July 9, 2001).