17d05d030193283f60ac573244de53e6 полностью

46. James Burnham to François Bondy, 6 February 1951, 8.6, Burnham Papers.

47. The ex-communist Gibarti’s recommendations for CCF activities sounded even more Leninist than Koestler’s. “The organizational strategy must always consist of efforts to provide broad cadres by means which profoundly touch the masses,”

he told Burnham. Louis Gibarti to James Burnham, 8 September 1950, 6.32, Burnham Papers.

48. James Burnham to Howard Phillips, “Bureaucracy,” 13 December 1949, 11.1, Burnham Papers. James Burnham, “Joseph Czapski,” 28 February 1950, 11.2, Burnham Papers. In May 1950 Burnham protested OPC’s failure to honor its pledge to support Czapski’s journal, Kultura: James Burnham, “Kultura,” 17 May 1950, 11.2, Burnham Papers. James Burnham, “The New Leader,” 12 January 1950, 11.2, Burnham Papers.

49. Kenneth B. Hambley to Assistant Director for Policy Coordination, “An Act of Idiocy,” 15 October 1951, 11.6, Burnham Papers.

50. Quoted in Kelly, James Burnham, p. 177.

51. Ibid., pp. 192, 193.

52. Minutes, 14 December 1950, 7.3, American Committee for Cultural Freedom Papers, Tamiment Institute Library, New York University Library; Certificate of Incorporation, 5 January 1951, 6.1, ACCF Papers.

53. Quoted in Saunders, Who Paid the Piper? p. 203.

54. James Burnham, “Certain Sums Transmitted to Sidney Hook by Kenneth B.

Hambley,” 21 September 1951, 11.4, Burnham Papers.

55. In December 1951, Burnham noted that “most of the Committee contributions are now coming to it through the National Committee for a Free Europe, and specifically through Mr. Spencer Phenix of that Committee.” James Burnham,

“Financial Statement—American Committee for Cultural Freedom,” 21 December 1951, 11.7, Burnham Papers.

56. Anon., “Cable Received from Josselson,” 14 February 1951, 8.5, Burnham Papers; James Burnham to Herbert Passin, 9 July 1951, 8.5, Burnham Papers; James Burnham, “Conversation with Pearl Kluger,” 19 July 1951, 8.3, Burnham Papers.

57. James Burnham, “Conversation with Pearl Kluger,” 17 July 1951, 8.3, Burnham Papers.

58. Pearl Kluger to James Burnham, 9 March 1951, 8.3, Burnham Papers.

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59. Anon., “Telephone Conversation with Pearl Kluger,” 6 July 1951, 8.3, Burnham Papers. This incident possibly explains why soon afterward Burnham instructed one of the CCF’s Asian experts, Herbert Passin, to monitor the fate of the ACCF’s Japanese grant. James Burnham to Herbert Passin, 9 July 1951, 8.5, Burnham Papers.

60. James Burnham, “Conversation with Pearl Kluger,” 17 July 1951, 8.3, Burnham Papers.

61. Anon., “Requested of Pearl Kluger,” n.d., 8.6, Burnham Papers.

62. Pearl Kluger to James Burnham, 27 February 1951, 8.3, Burnham Papers.

63. James Burnham, “Conversation with Pearl Kluger,” 19 July 1951, 8.3, Burnham Papers.

64. James Burnham to Sidney Hook, 17 August 1951, 8.5, Burnham Papers; James Burnham, “The Financial Control of the Paris Arts Festival,” 15 August 1951, 11.5, Burnham Papers.

65. Festival account deposit book, 1951–52, 6.10, ACCF Papers.

66. Anon., “Requested of Pearl Kluger,” n.d., 8.6, Burnham Papers.

67. Braden and Josselson quoted in Saunders, Who Paid the Piper? pp. 127, 26.

68. Anon., “Requested of Pearl Kluger,” n.d., 8.6, Burnham Papers.

69. On the ACCF, see Coleman, Liberal Conspiracy, chap. 9; Hook, Out of Step, chap. 26; Guenter Lewy, The Cause That Failed: Communism in American Political Life (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), pp. 108–114.

70. Diana Trilling to Arnold Beichman, 4 January 1985, 124.5, Hook Papers.

71. Arnold Beichman to Diana Trilling, 13 January 1985, 124.5, Hook Papers.

72. James Burnham, “American Committee for Cultural Freedom,” 29 October 1951, 11.5, Burnham Papers.

73. See Coleman, Liberal Conspiracy, pp. 163–164.

74. See, for example, Elliot Cohen to Sidney Hook, 5 October 1951, 8.3, Burnham Papers.

75. James Burnham to Sidney Hook, 20 October 1950, 6.38, Burnham Papers. William L. O’Neill, A Better World: The Great Schism—Stalinism and the American Intellectuals (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982), p. 298.

76. Radical literary critic Irving Howe was one of those deliberately excluded.

77. Max Eastman, “Who Threatens Cultural Freedom in America?” March 1952, 9.11, ACCF Papers. See Saunders, Who Paid the Piper? pp. 198–208. James Farrell to Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., 6 March 1952, box 13, folder Farrell, James, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Papers, John F. Kennedy Library, Boston.

Schlesinger’s Vital Center quoted in Saunders, Who Paid the Piper? p. 63. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., to Dwight Macdonald, 29 April 1952, 1.45, Dwight Macdonald Papers, Sterling Memorial Library, Yale University. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., to

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