17d05d030193283f60ac573244de53e6 полностью

ment between KMLAPPER and BGLEADER (TPLODGER),” which was possibly intended to serve as a draft of the proposed Charter of Operations. See Hughes, “Interest of Democracy,” pp. 87–93.

43. Quoted in John Ranelagh, The Agency: The Rise and Decline of the CIA (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987), p. 247.

44. Quoted in Rathbun, Point Man, pp. 116–117. This high opinion of Brown appears to have been widely shared in U.S. government circles. His name was on the list drawn up by George Kennan in 1948 of possible candidates for the role of chief of the Office of Policy Coordination. Kennan thought him “a very able and active citizen.” See George F. Kennan, “Memorandum from the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Kennan) to the Under Secretary of State (Lovett),” 30

June 1948, in C. Thomas Thorne, Jr., and David S. Patterson, eds., Foreign Relations of the United States, 1945–1950: Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1996), p. 716.

45. Braden interview.

46. Quoted in Ranelagh, Agency, p. 247.

47. Thomas W. Braden, “I’m Glad the CIA Is ‘Immoral,’” Saturday Evening Post, 20

May 1967, 10.

48. Victor Reuther, statement, enclosed with Victor Reuther to Joseph Walsh, 4

May 1967, 17.30, Victor G. Reuther Papers, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University, Detroit.

49. Quoted in Morgan, Covert Life, p. 222.

50. “T” to Michael Ross, 21 June 1951, 1.7, International Affairs Department, Michael Ross Papers (RG18–002), George Meany Memorial Archives, Silver Spring, Maryland; Jay Lovestone to Irving Brown, 29.14, 26 May 1952, Brown Papers.

51. Jay Lovestone to Irving Brown, 30 April 1951, 29.11, Brown Papers.

52. Jay Lovestone to Irving Brown, 26 May 1952, 29.14, Brown Papers.

53. Quoted in Carew, “American Labor in Fizzland,” 32; Jay Lovestone to Irving Brown, 26 March 1951, 29.11, Brown Papers.

54. Jay Lovestone to Irving Brown, 4 April 1951, 29.11, Brown Papers.

55. Jay Lovestone to Irving Brown, 26 March 1951, 29.11, Brown Papers; “Monk” to Jay Lovestone, 6 April 1951, box 381, folder Monk, Lovestone Papers, Stanford.

56. “Monk” to Jay Lovestone, 6 April 1951, box 381, folder Monk, Lovestone Papers, Stanford.

57. Carew, “American Labor in Fizzland,” 35.

58. Quoted in ibid.

59. Frances Stonor Saunders, Who Paid the Piper? The CIA and the Cultural Cold War (London: Granta, 1999), p. 95.

60. It is unclear whether or not Wisner personally supported Dulles’s decision. In his

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earliest account of the incident, Braden suggested that the OPC chief asked to be overruled; later, however, in an interview with Frances Stonor Saunders, Braden described Dulles as “all over Wisner.” See Braden, “I’m Glad the CIA Is

‘Immoral,’” 12; Braden quoted in Saunders, Who Paid the Piper? p. 97.

61. Quoted in Saunders, Who Paid the Piper? p. 97.

62. Quoted in Hughes, “Interest of Democracy,” p. 205; anon., “Notes on Conversation with Joseph Czapski,” 4 June 1951, 9.3, Burnham Papers; Jay Lovestone to Irving Brown, 21 December 1951, box 283, folder Irving Brown, Lovestone Papers, Stanford. The NCFE was, Lovestone concluded in this last letter, a “gang of fakers.”

63. See Jay Lovestone to Irving Brown, 9 November 1951, box 283, folder Irving Brown, Lovestone Papers, Stanford; Irving Brown to Jay Lovestone, 15 November 1951, box 283, folder Irving Brown, Lovestone Papers, Stanford.

64. Jay Lovestone to Irving Brown, 9 November 1951, box 283, folder Irving Brown, Lovestone Papers, Stanford.

65. Quoted in Hughes, “Interest of Democracy,” pp. 177, 178.

66. C. D. Jackson, log, 1954, box 68, Log 1954.3, C. D. Jackson Papers, Dwight D.

Eisenhower Library, Abilene, Kansas. Like Braden, Jackson had an altogether better opinion of Brown.

67. Quoted in Carew, “American Labor in Fizzland,” 37.

68. Quoted in Hughes, “Interest of Democracy,” p. 184.

69. Carmel Offie to Irving Brown, 23 January 1953, 32.1, Brown Papers.

70. Quoted in Morgan, Covert Life, p. 236.

71. Quoted in Carew, “American Labor in Fizzland,” 39.

72. Quoted in Morgan, Covert Life, p. 231.

73. Ibid., p. 222.

74. See Hugh Wilford, The CIA, the British Left, and the Cold War: Calling the Tune?

(London: Frank Cass, 2003), chap. 5.

75. Paul Sakwa, “Chief/Covert Action/Vietnam,” 2 August/11 December 1976, 63.5, Victor Reuther Papers.

76. Carew, “American Labor in Fizzland,” 40.

77. Morgan, Covert Life, chap. 13.

78. Anon., memorandum, n.d., box 381, folder Monk, Lovestone Papers, Stanford.

4. A Deep Sickness in New York

1. Quoted in François Bondy, “Berlin Congress for Freedom: A New Resistance in the Making,” Commentary 10 (1950): 245.