Poland полностью

Potocki, Ignacy 205, 206, 208, 213

Potocki, Józef 175

Potocki, Mikołaj 143, 144

Potocki, Stanisław 205, 222, 229, 230

Potocki, Stanisław Rewera 147

Potocki, Stefan 144

Potocki family 119, 160, 181, 200

Poznań 14, 28, 51, 52, 55, 67, 136, 155, 221, 238, 238, 260, 261, 264, 265, 355, 357, 396

Poznań Society of Friends and Learning 229-30, 235

Poznania 237, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 268, 277, 278, 290, 304, 307, 309, 315, 316

PPS (Polish Socialist Party) 284, 285, 286, 287, 288-9, 300, 301, 305, 327, 334-5, 336

Prawda 277-8

Principality of Rus 8

Pripet River 200

Privilege of Cienia (1228) 16

Privilege of Nieszawa (1454) 45

Privy Council (consilium secretum) 44

Protestant Church of Prussia 273, 347

Protestant Union, 1608 115

Protestantism 63-4, 66, 69, 71, 74, 77, 115, 165, 273, 347

Prussia xx, 15, 20, 21, 22-3, 34, 38, 78, 157, 179, 188, 194, 204, 205, 209-10, 211, 213, 215-16, 217, 221, 222, 226, 229, 235, 240, 248, 256, 259-66, 273, 297; Congress Kingdom and 226, 229; Crusades against 21, 23, 38, 39; Ducal 165-6, 167; Franco-Prussian War, 1870 261; Landtag 261; Marienburg 26, 30, 39; partitions of Poland and xix, 194, 195, 196, 212, 216, 259-66; unification of Germany and 261

Przemysł 71, 149

Przemysł II, King of Poland 27

Przypkowski, Samuel 126

Psie Pole, Battle of 12

PSL (Polish People’s Party) 298, 300, 334-5, 391, 394

Pułaski, Józef 193

Pułaski, Kazimierz 193

purges 274, 336, 347, 357-8, 362, 378

PZPR (Polish United Workers’ Party) 335, 375, 382, 384, 386, 389, 392

Quakers 126

Raczkiewicz, President Władysław 319

Raczyński, Edward 229

Radio Free Europe 356, 359

Radio Marya 405

Radom 396

Radziwiłł, Antoni 260

Radziwilłł, Barbara 68-9, 70, 78

Radziwiłł, Janusz 117, 145, 146, 147, 148, 160

Radziwiłł, Karol 171, 173, 191, 193

Radziwiłł, Michał 233

Radziwiłł, Mikołaj Sierotka 74-5

Radziwiłł, Mikołaj, ’the Black’ 79-80, 97, 111, 112

Radziwiłł, Mikołaj, ’the Red’ 79

Radziwiłł family 63, 129, 146, 147, 160, 181, 200

RAF 316, 330

Raków Arian Academy 64, 127, 129

Rakowski, Mieczysław 381, 382-4

Ramorino, General Girolamo 233

Reagan, President Ronald 374, 376, 379

Red Army 295, 305, 323, 326, 327, 328, 331, 333, 334, 344

’Reds’ (1863) 242-3

Reformation 57-77, 82, 104, 106, 110-11, 174

Reichstag 261, 263-4, 297

Rej of Nagłowice, Mikołaj 67-8, 100, 102

religion 4, 5; Act of Union, Orthodox-Catholic 139; Arians see Arians; bishops, power of 5, 44, 60, 83, 118; Calvinism see Calvinism; Catholic Church see Catholic Church; Christianity, Poland adopts 4; Counter-Reformation 57, 74-7, 104, 114, 125-7, 174; Crusades 20-3, 30, 35, 38-40, 48, 52, 62, 103, 110-11, 165, 253, 264; debate of the sixteenth century 59; ecclesiastical courts 46, 67-8, 73; Jews and see Jews ; Lithuania and see Lithuania; monasteries see monasteries; Muslims see Muslims; Orthodox religion see Orthodox Church; pagans 3, 20, 21; Papacy see Papacy; partition 273-4; People’s Republic 345, 347; Polanie 3; Protestantism see Protestantism; Reformation 63-77; religious freedom 76-7, 107-8, 113-14, 117, 130-1, 139-40; Uniate Church 139, 140, 274

Renaissance 85, 94, 96-7, 98, 170

Reszka, Stanisław 102

Reymont, Władysław 281

Ribbentrop, Joachim von 312

Ribbentrop-Molotov pact (1939) 324, 340, 341, 403

Rifleman’s Unions 289

Rokossovsky, Marshal 336, 357

Roman Empire 1, 4, 6, 14, 85, 94

Romania 312, 315, 386

Romanov, Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich 123

Romantic Movement 252-7, 279

Rome 1, 4, 6, 14, 94

Roosevelt, President Franklin D. 325, 326, 327, 330, 331

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 197, 205

Rowecki, General Stefan 325

Royal Castle, Wawel 78, 96, 125, 202, 203, 208, 316

Różewicz, Tadeusz 360

Rügen, island of 12

Russia xviii, xix, 23, 34, 80, 138, 143, 176-7, 179-80, 184, 188, 190, 191, 193, 195, 196, 198, 212, 217, 221, 237, 240, 256; 1794 Polish uprising and 213-16; 1830 uprising and 232-3; 1831 Polish uprising and 232-7, 251, 260; 1848 Polish uprising and 237-8, 250; 1863 Polish uprising and 243-6; Civil War 291-2, 294-5; Confederation of Bar and 193-4; Congress Kingdom and 226, 227-8, 229, 230-1, 241; Convention on Poland (1797) xix; Crimean War 239, 240; Decembrist coup (1825) 230; Halicz, principality of 28, 33; industrial revolution within 271; Jews and 184, 283-4; Kingdom of Poland, Russian 268-75; Moscow, siege of (1618) 129; Napoleon and 221, 222, 224, 225-6; partitions of Poland and xix, 194, 195, 196, 205, 211-13, 217; post-1989 relationship with Poland 399, 400, 403-4; revolution (1905) 287-8; revolution (1917) 291; Russo-Japanese war 287; Tatars and 19-20; Turkey and 204-5, 210, 211; ’Vistula Province’ and 245-6; Vladimir, principality of 28, 33; World War II 316

Russian National Liberation Army (RONA) 329

Russian Social Democratic Party 286

Russo-Japanese war (1904-05) 287

Ruthene boyars 78

Rzewuski, Seweryn 211

Salza, Grand Master Hermann von 22-3

San River 8

Sandomierz 14, 16, 20, 71, 117-18, 121, 129

Sanguszko, Prince Roman 236

Santok 26

Sapieha, Adam Stefan 347

Sapieha, Hetman 168

Sapieha, Jan Piotr 122

Sapieha family 177, 193

Sarbiewski, Maciej Kazimierz 131