17d05d030193283f60ac573244de53e6 полностью

10. Anthony Carew, “The American Labor Movement in Fizzland: The Free Trade Union Committee and the CIA,” Labor History 39 (1998): 26.

11. Morgan, Covert Life, p. 198.

12. See, for example, Jay Lovestone to Irving Brown, 15 January 1951, box 29, folder 10, International Affairs Department, Irving Brown Papers (RG18–004), George Meany Memorial Archives, Silver Spring, Maryland; Jay Lovestone to Lillie Brown, 27 March 1951, 29.11, Brown Papers; Jay Lovestone to Irving Brown, 13 March 1951, 29.11, Brown Papers.

13. Carew, “American Labor in Fizzland,” 27, 37.

14. Quoted in Morgan, Covert Life, p. 301.

15. Ibid., p. 203. For more on Lovestone’s agent network, see ibid., chap. 15. Carew provides a useful summary of FTUC operations in “American Labor in Fizzland,”

26–27. Hughes, “Interest of Democracy,” concentrates on the FTUC’s French and exile activities as well as its efforts to publicize the existence of slave labor camps in the Soviet Union.

16. Morgan, Covert Life, p. 154.

17. See, for example, Philip Taft, The AF of L from the Death of Gompers to the Merger (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1959).

18. See, for example, Ronald Radosh, American Labor and United States Foreign Policy (New York: Random House, 1969).

19. See, for example, Carew, “American Labor in Fizzland.” This article is a pioneer-ing exploration of the relationship between the FTUC and the CIA based on the newly available Lovestone papers, which are divided between the George Meany Memorial Archives, Silver Spring, Maryland, and the Hoover Institution, Stanford University.

20. Quoted in Carew, “American Labor in Fizzland,” 28.

21. See, for example, Jay Lovestone to Irving Brown, 4 January 1951, box 283, folder Irving Brown, Lovestone Papers, Stanford.

22. Quoted in Morgan, Covert Life, p. 205.

23. Irving Brown to Jay Lovestone, 1 April 1951, box 283, folder Irving Brown,

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Lovestone Papers, Stanford; Irving Brown to Jay Lovestone, 9 January 1951, box 283, folder Irving Brown, Lovestone Papers, Stanford; Jay Lovestone to Lillie Brown, 27 March 1951, 29.11, Brown Papers.

24. Carew, “American Labor in Fizzland,” 28.

25. Jay Lovestone to Irving Brown, 2 April 1951, box 283, folder Irving Brown, Lovestone Papers, Stanford; Jay Lovestone to Irving Brown, 4 April 1951, 29.11, Brown Papers.

26. Jay Lovestone to Samuel Berger, 4 April 1951, box 283, folder Sam Berger, Lovestone Papers, Stanford.

27. Jay Lovestone to Carmel Offie, 1 May 1950, box 310, folder Offie, Lovestone Papers, Stanford.

28. Irving Brown to Jay Lovestone, 21 May 1951, 29.11, Brown Papers.

29. Carew, “American Labor in Fizzland,” 28–29.

30. Jay Lovestone to Lillie Brown, 27 March 1951, 29.11, Brown Papers.

31. Thomas W. Braden, interview with author, Woodbridge, Virginia, 18 June 2001.

32. Peter Grose, Operation Rollback: America’s Secret War behind the Iron Curtain (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2000), p. 112; Burton Hersh, The Old Boys: The American Elite and the Origins of the CIA (St. Petersburg, Fla.: Tree Farm Books, 2002), pp. 56–57; Evan Thomas, The Very Best Men—Four Who Dared: The Early Years of the CIA (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995), p. 34.

33. Thomas, Best Men, p. 34.

34. For further details of Offie’s persecution due to his sexuality, see Morgan, Covert Life, pp. 210–213, and Robert D. Dean, Imperial Brotherhood: Gender and the Making of Cold War Foreign Policy (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001), pp. 104–105.

35. Quoted in Hersh, Old Boys, p. 237.

36. Jay Lovestone to Irving Brown, 26 March 1951, 29.11, Brown Papers.

37. Anon., “Notes on Conversation with Joseph Czapski,” 4 June 1951, 9.3, James Burnham Papers, Hoover Institution, Stanford University.

38. Quoted in Morgan, Covert Life, p. 218.

39. Ibid., p. 218.

40. Carew, “American Labor in Fizzland,” 29. For an excellent account of the Reuthers’ foreign activities, see Nelson Lichtenstein, The Most Dangerous Man in Detroit: Walter Reuther and the Fate of American Labor (New York: Basic Books, 1995), chap. 15.

41. Jay Lovestone to Samuel Berger, 18 May 1951, box 283, folder Sam Berger, Lovestone Papers, Stanford.

42. Carmel Offie, “Memorandum,” 24 November 1950, box 528, folder Carmel Offie, Lovestone Papers, Stanford. Quenby Olmsted Hughes quotes extensively from a document in the Lovestone Papers, Stanford, entitled “Proposed Agree-

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