173.Serhii Plokhy, Yalta: The Price of Peace (New York: Penguin, 2010); Vladislav Zubok, Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007), 13.
174.DGFP, Series D, vol. 13, 869.
175.T. N. Dupuy, A Genius for War: The German Army and General Staff, 1807–1945 (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1977).
176.Overy, War and Economy in the Third Reich, 242; David Stahel, “The Wehrmacht and National Socialist Military Thinking,” War in History, July 2017, esp. 355.
177.Keith Grint, “The Hedgehog and the Fox: Leadership Lessons from D-Day,” Leadership, April 2014, 255.
178.Overy, Why the Allies Won, 305.
179.Jonathan Adelman, Hitler and His Allies in World War II (London: Routledge, 2007), 20.
180.Bernice Carroll, Design for Total War (The Hague: Mouton, 1968), see especially quote on 73; Wright, Ordeal of Total War, 61–62.
181.Overy, Why the Allies Won, 319; Toll, Conquering Tide, 515.
182.DGFP, Series D, vol. 12, 456.
183.Jonathan Fenby, Alliance: The Inside Story of How Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill Won One War and Began Another (London: Pocket, 2008), 80; Weinberg, A World at Arms, 747–49.
184.The Ciano Diaries, 1939–1943: The Complete, Unabridged Diaries of Count Galeazzo Ciano, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1936–1943, edited by Hugh Gibson (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1946), 300. See also John Miglietta, Hitler’s Allies: The Ramifications of Nazi Alliance Politics in World War II (New York: Routledge, 2022).
185.R. L. DiNardo, “The Dysfunctional Coalition: The Axis Powers and the Eastern Front in World War II,” Journal of Military History, October 1996, 723.
186.Alton Frye, Nazi Germany and the American Hemisphere (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1967), 173.
187.Kai Bird and Martin Sherwin, American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer (New York: Knopf, 2007), 309.
188.Barton Bernstein, “Truman at Potsdam: His Secret Diary,” Foreign Service Journal, July–August 1980, 34.
189.See Richard Rhodes, The Making of the Atomic Bomb (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986).
190.Richard Frank, Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire (New York: Penguin, 2001).
191.Crane, American Airpower, 65.
192.Franklin Roosevelt, Address to American Youth Congress, February 10, 1940, APP.
193.Marc Trachtenberg, A Constructed Peace: The Making of the European Settlement, 1945–1963 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999), 36.
194.Grew, Turbulent Era, vol. 2, 1446.
195.Henry Morgenthau, diary entry, August 19, 1944, Morgenthau Presidential Diaries, FDRL.
196.Roosevelt to Churchill, February 29, 1944, FRUS 1944, vol. 1, document 99; Churchill to Eden, May 11, 1945, CHAR 20/218/83, Winston Churchill Archive.
197.Halford J. Mackinder, “The Round World and the Winning of the Peace,” Foreign Affairs, July 1943, 601.
198.Armstrong to Mackinder, December 21, 1942, Correspondence, “Halford Mackinder,” Hamilton Fish Armstrong Papers, SMML.
199.Mackinder cable, May 27, 1943, Correspondence, “Halford Mackinder,” Armstrong Papers, SMML.
200.Mackinder, “Round World,” 601, 604–5.
201.Armstrong to Mackinder, October 8, 1943, Correspondence, “Halford Mackinder,” Armstrong Papers, SMML.
202.Mackinder, “Round World,” 604.
Chapter 4: The Golden Age
1.W. Warren Wagar, H. G. Wells: Traversing Time (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2004), 272.
2.Uriel Tal, “Jewish and Universal Social Ethics in the Life and Thought of Albert Einstein,” in Gerald Holton and Yehuda Elkana, eds., Albert Einstein: Historical and Cultural Perspectives (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982), 299.
3.Meeting of State–Defense Policy Review Group, February 27, 1950, FRUS 1950, vol. 1, document 64.
4.George Marshall, “Assistance to European Economic Recovery,” Department of State Bulletin, January 18, 1948, 77, 71.
