Poland полностью

France xxi, 57, 85, 91, 136, 156, 161, 162, 165, 167, 178-9, 193, 209, 211, 213, 220, 221-6, 234, 247, 248, 258, 260, 276, 291, 312, 313, 314, 316, 319, 338

Francis I, King of France 61

Francis II, Emperor of Austria 211

Franciscan monks 61

Franco-Prussian War (1870) 261

François Louis de Bourbon, Prince de Conti 175, 176

Frank, Hans 316

Frank, Jakub 185

Frankfurt Parliament 238, 239, 260

Frederick Augustus of Saxony, Duke of Warsaw 208, 221

Frederick II, Emperor 22

Frederick II, ’the Great’, King of Prussia 192, 194, 195, 210

Frederick III, Elector of Brandenburg 179

Frederick IV, King of Denmark 177

Frederick William II, King of Prussia 210, 211-13, 215

Frederick William IV, King of Prussia 260

Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg 166

Fredro, Andrzej 160

Freedom and Independence (WiN) 333

French Revolution (1789) 85, 209, 211, 220

Friederika, Sofia Augusta 191

Frycz-Modrzewski, Andrzej 99-100

Fyodor I, Tsar of Muscovy 112, 121

Galicia 210, 220, 222, 226, 237, 244, 251, 267, 268, 273, 274, 284, 290, 293, 307, 342

Galician Economic Association 266

Gallus 5-6, 9, 14

Garibaldi, Giuseppe 242, 244, 247, 248

Gazeta Wyborcza 387, 390

Gdańsk 20, 26, 39, 48, 51, 52, 65, 92, 109-10, 126, 148, 149, 153, 154, 155, 156, 158, 180, 190, 210, 293, 315, 363, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 377

Gdynia 309, 363

Gedroyc, Jerzy 399

Gedroyc, Bishop Melchior 60

Generalgouvernement 316, 318, 340

Geometria (Grzepski) 99, 102

Georgia 404

Geremek, Bronisław 371, 381

Germany xviii, xxi, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 15, 17, 20, 26-7, 71, 78, 92, 154, 165, 184, 226, 401-2, 403; Anschluss 311-12; army 313, 316-18, 320-32, 339-46; border with Poland, 1919 293, 311; Catholicism in 1; Cold War xviii, 355, 374, 374, 386; 1848 238, 239; founding myth 1; Frankfurt Parliament 238, 239, 260; German Kingdom of Poland 292; influence within Poland 27, 30, 104, 110; invasion of Poland, 1939 312-13, 314-16; Luftwaffe 314, 329; March of Brandenburg 26; Nazism, rise of 304, 311; occupation of Poland, World War II 316-18, 320-32, 339-46; Reichstag, Polish deputies in 261, 263-4, 297; reunification 401, 402; revanchism 361; Third Republic and 401-2, 403; unification of 261; Wehrmacht 313, 316, 318, 326; World War I 289, 290, 291, 308, 311; World War II 312-13, 314-32

Giełgud, General Antoni 233

Gierek, Edward 362, 364, 365-6, 368, 370-1, 372, 373

Girey, Mehmet 148

Głowacki, Aleksander 279

Gniński, Jan 153

Gniew, Battle of (1656) 135

Gniezno 3, 5, 8, 9, 11, 30, 31, 34, 261

Gołuchowski, Agenor 267

Gomułka, Władysław 323, 335, 336, 354, 356, 357, 358, 360, 361, 362-3, 364

Gorbachev, Mikhail 379, 382

Górnicki, Łukasz 99

Grabski, Stanisław 296

Grabski, Władysław 308

Grand Armée 224, 255

Grand Council (consilium maius) 44

Gregory IX, Pope 22

Grochów, Battle of (1831) 233

Grodno 201, 213, 216

GROM 402

Gromyko, Andrei 372

Grottger, Artur 280

Grunwald, Battle of (1410) 38, 40

Grzegorz of Sanok, Archbishop of Lwów 53

Grzepski, Stanisław 99, 102

Guardians of the National Laws 209

Guizot, François 256

Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden 115, 165

Guyuk, Khan 31

Guzów, Battle of 118

Habsburg dynasty 37, 39, 42, 43, 55, 56, 57, 60, 79, 91, 110, 112, 113, 115, 149, 161, 165, 166-7, 179, 234, 267, 292, 297, 307

Haller, General Józef 291, 302

Hanbury-Williams, Sir Charles 190-1

Havel, Vaclav 400-1

Henri III, King of France 108-9; see also Henryk II (de Valois), King of Poland

Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor 8

Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor 12

Henry V, King of England 42

Henry VII, King of England 57

Henry VIII, King of England 57, 61, 68, 69, 70

Henryk II (de Valois), King of Poland (Henri III of France) 106-9, 146

Henryk of Sandomierz, Prince 15

Henryk ’the Pious’, Duke of Kraków 19

Henryk Probus of Silesia, Duke 27

Herbert, Zbigniew 360

Hertzberg, Count 209-10

Hitler, Adolf 311, 312, 314, 316, 323, 325, 327, 331

Hlond, Augustyn, Archbishop of Gniezno 347

Hoene-Wroński, Józef Maria 254

Hohenzollern, Albrecht von 39, 110-11, 165

Hohenzollern dynasty 110-11, 165, 291

Holy Roman Empire 5-6, 8, 11, 12, 79, 111, 179, 249

Hosius, Cardinal Stanisław 74, 111

Hundred Years’ War 30

Hungary 8, 11, 12, 19, 21-2, 28, 42, 52, 56, 57, 94, 95, 109, 110, 141, 152, 167, 168, 184, 220, 239, 249, 357, 386, 400

Hus, Jan 40

Hussein Pasha of Silistria, Grand Vizir 163, 171

Hussite movement 40, 62-3

Huta Bankowa 269

Iliński, Aleksander 249

IMF (International Monetary Fund) 404

Impressionism 280

industry 200-1, 269-71, 293, 308, 309, 365

Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) 407

Institute of Social Sciences 352

Instytut Literacki 367

Insurrection: 1794 213, 215, 216; 1830 232-5, 242, 249, 250, 260; 1848 237-9, 276; 1863 242, 243-6, 250, 260-1, 276, 279, 282

Iogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania 35, 37; see also Władysław Jagiello

Iran 372

Iraq 402

Isaac ben Abraham of Troki 65

Israel 361, 401

Italy xxi, 4, 6, 14, 32, 54, 55, 85, 94, 96-8, 100, 101, 103, 170, 236, 247, 248, 254, 291, 312

Ius Teutonicum 17

Ivan IV ’the Terrible’, Tsar 80, 106, 107, 111, 121

Ivanov, General 333

Iwaszkiewicz, Jarosław 360

Jabłonowska, Anna 173