Poland полностью

Jadwiga, Queen of Poland 35-6, 37, 38, 39-40, 44, 53

Jagiellon dynasty 34, 37, 38-57, 58, 76, 78, 79-80, 82, 86, 106, 107, 110, 119, 208, 209

Jagiellon University 54, 55, 98, 99, 102, 127, 197, 207, 276-7, 280, 406; see also Kraków: University

Jam Zapolski, Treaty of (1582) 112

Jan III, Prince of Opole 110

Jan III, King of Poland 163-5, 167-8, 172, 175, 176; see also Sobieski, Jan

Jan Kazimierz (Vasa), King of Poland 116, 146-7, 148, 149, 151, 157, 160-2, 166, 178

Jan Olbracht, King of Poland 45-6, 55-6

Janicki, Klemens 100

Jaruzelski, General Wojciech 372, 374-5, 376-7, 378, 379, 380, 381, 384, 386, 388

Jasiński, Colonel Jakub 214

Jassy, peace of (1792) 210

Jaworów, Treaty of (1675) 167

Jaworzno concentration camp 336

Jena, Battle of (1806) 221

Jesuits 74, 112, 113, 121, 122, 125, 127-9, 131, 138, 139, 144, 159, 184, 185, 189, 197

Jewish Socialist Union 286

Jewlaszewski of Nowogródek, Judge Teodor 125

Jewish people and culture 128, 156, 215, 245, 299, 303, 304, 305-6; under Austrian rule 266, 268; Charter (1551) sets up state within state 93; Commonwealth 93, 104; communes (Kahal) 93; converts to Catholicism 60-1, 158; converts to Judaism 65; degradation of community, seventeenth century 184-5; emancipation and integration of 209; fiscal, legal and political institutions 31-2; flee plague (1348) 31; ghettos 318, 324; Hasidism 184-5; insurrection (1794) and 215, 216; Jedwabne 340; Karaites 65, 93; within Lithuania 282; national assembly (Vaad Arba Aracot) 93; Polish anti-Semitism and 284, 285, 306-7, 359; Polish Republic 303, 305-7; political parties, Polish and 286; poverty of 184; under Prussian rule 265; Reformation and 64-5, 67; religious texts 104; Russian 283-4; under Russian rule 218; Statute of Kalisz (1264) and 17; taxation of 156; tycoons 270; within Ukraine 140, 282-3; within Warsaw 215; welcomed into Poland 31, 58; World War II 318, 321-2, 324, 339, 340-1, 344-5

John III, King of Sweden 106, 113, 114

John of Luxembourg, King of Bohemia 30, 32

John Paul II, Pope (Karol Wojtyla) xviii, 369, 370, 378, 380-1, 407-8

Joselewicz, Colonel Berek 215

Joseph II, Emperor of Austria 210, 266

Kaczyński, Jarosław 387-8, 389

Kaczyński, Lech 387-8, 393, 394-5, 396

Kadlłubek, Wincenty, Bishop of Kraków 27

Kakowski, Archbishop Aleksander 292

Kalisz 14, 52

Kamieniec Podolski 138, 148, 162, 163, 167, 178, 193

Kania, Stanisław 372, 376

Kara Mustapha, Grand Vizir 167-8

Karaites 65, 93

Karlowitz, Treaty of (1699) 178

Kashubians 265

Katherine of Habsburg, Queen of Poland 69

Katherine Jagiellon, Queen of Sweden 113

Katowice 354, 357-8, 378

Katyn massacre 324, 373, 400

Kaunitz, Chancellor 210

Kazimierz I, Prince of Poland 9, 11

Kazimierz III, ’the Great’, King of Poland 30-2, 35, 43-4, 46, 53, 55

Kazimierz IV, King of Poland 42, 44-5, 53, 55, 56, 57, 86

Kellogg, Vernon 308

Kerensky, Alexander 291

KGB 372, 379

Khan, Genghis 19

Khrushchev, Nikita 355

Kielce 344

Kiev 8, 11, 34, 35, 138, 139, 144, 145, 147, 149, 282-3, 295

Kiliński, Jan 214

Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria 226

Kingdom of Poland: German 292-3; Russian 268-76

Kircholm, Battle of (1605) 134

Kisiel, Adam 144

Kisielewski, Stefan 360

Kiszczak, General Czesław 379, 381-4, 386

Kleeberg, General Franciszek 315

Klushino, Battle of (1610) 134

Kniaziewicz, General Karol 220

Knighthood of Christ (Sword Brothers) 21, 23, 34

Kochanowski, Jan 100-1, 104

Kohl, Helmut 402

Kołakowski, Leszek 360

Kołłątaj, Hugo 206, 207, 208, 209, 213, 215

Kolbe, Maciej 53

Kolbuszowa 201

Kołobrzeg 5

Komensky, Jan Amos 128

Konarski, Stanisław 189-90

Koniecpolski, Hetman Stanisław 115, 142, 143, 144

Konopnicka, Maria 278

Konrad of Mazovia, Duke of Kraków 21, 22

Konwicki, Tadeusz 360

Korfanty, Wojciech 265, 298

Korzec 201

Kościuszko, General Tadeusz 211, 213-14, 215-16, 217, 220, 229, 254

Kossuth, Lajos 239

Kostka, Stanisław, St 125

Kosygin, Alexei 366

Kowno 55

Koziełł-Poklewski, Alfons 271

Kraków 37, 56, 148, 222; academic/traditionalist nature of 349; architecture 52; Austrian army bombards (1848) 239; bishops of 5, 12, 27-8; as capital city of Poland 11, 14, 26, 28, 33; Cathedral 31; Duchy of 14, 15-16; dukes of 19; ethnic groups within 26, 92; Lords of 34, 35, 86; Palatine of 51, 104-5, 117, 119; paramilitary training school within 289; population numbers 51, 155; printing in 98, 104, 358; Republic of 226, 239, 267; Rifleman’s Union 289; Socialist Republic of 237; St Mary’s Church 20; Tatar raids on 19, 20; theatres in 278; Town Hall 125; university 32, 40, 53, 100, 276-7, 309 see also Jagiellon University; Władysław ’the Short’ crowned in 28

Krasicki, Ignacy 198

Krasiński, Adam 193

Krasiński, Zygmunt 255, 256, 257, 278

Kreza, Marcin 76

Kromer, Marcin 74, 99

Kronenberg, Leopold 240, 243

Krowicki, Marcin 66

Krukowiecki, General Jan 235

Krzemieniec High School 229, 235

Krzycki, Bishop Andrzej 61, 103-4

Krzyżanowski, General 248-9

Kujavia, Bishop of 176

Kukiel, Marian 289

Kultura 367, 399

Kulturkampf 261-2

Kuroń, Jacek 360, 371, 378, 380, 384, 385

Kutrzeba, General Tadeusz 315

Kwaśniewski, Aleksander 392, 393, 402, 403