79.Alfred Thayer Mahan, The Problem of Asia and Its Effect upon International Policies (Boston: Little, Brown, 1900), esp. 22, 24, 44.
80.Mahan, Problem of Asia, quoted at 62–63.
81.Alfred Thayer Mahan to Theodore Roosevelt, January 10, 1907, Theodore Roosevelt Papers, LC.
82.Robert Seager, Alfred Thayer Mahan: The Man and His Letters (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1977), 500.
83.Mahan, Mahan on Naval Warfare, 319.
84.Alfred Thayer Mahan, Mahan on Naval Strategy: Selections from the Writings of Rear Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2015), 336.
85.Mahan, Interest of America in Sea Power, 259; Mahan to Theodore Roosevelt, December 27, 1904, Reel 3, Mahan Papers, LC.
86.Robert Kaplan, The Revenge of Geography: What the Map Tells Us About Coming Conflicts and the Battle against Fate (New York: Random House, 1992), 105; Kevin McCrainie, Mahan, Corbett, and the Foundations of Naval Strategic Thought (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2021).
87.Maurer, “Alfred Thayer Mahan.”
88.Julian Corbett, Some Principles of Maritime Strategy (London: Longman, Green, 1918), 12.
89.See Sumida, Inventing Grand Strategy and Teaching Command, 30.
90.“Strategic studies” is a close cousin of a related discipline, “security studies,” and the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. On their relationship, see Joshua Rovner, “Warring Tribes Studying War and Peace,” War on the Rocks, April 12, 2016.
91.Franklin Roosevelt, “Quarantine Speech,” October 5, 1937, Miller Center, University of Virginia; E. H. Carr, The Twenty Years’ Crisis, 1919–1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations [1939] (New York: Harper Perennial, 1964).
92.David Ekbladh, “Present at the Creation: Edward Mead Earle and the Depression-Era Origins of Security Studies,” International Security, Winter 2011–12, 107–41.
93.“American Military Policy and National Security, 1938,” Records of the Office of the Director, Faculty Files, Box 6, Edward Mead Earle, Institute for Advanced Study Archives.
94.Edward Mead Earle, “American Security—Its Changing Conditions,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, November 1941, 191–92.
95.Ekbladh, “Present at the Creation”; Edward Mead Earle, ed., Makers of Modern Strategy: Military Thought from Machiavelli to Hitler (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1943).
96.Edward Mead Earle to Franklin Roosevelt, January 7, 1942, Walter Lippmann Papers, Box 68, Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University.
97.Edward Mead Earle, “Studies of the Foreign Relations and Military Position of the United States,” December 1941, Box 7, Edward Mead Earle Files, Institute for Advanced Study Archives.
98.Antero Holmila, “Re-Thinking Nicholas J. Spykman: From Historical Sociology to Balance of Power,” International History Review, September–October 2020, 956. See also Or Rosenboim, The Emergence of Globalism: Visions of World Order in Britain and the United States, 1939–1950 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017), 58–93.
99.Nicholas Spykman, “The Study of International Relations,” Yale Alumni Weekly, March 16, 1934, James Angell Records, Box 175, Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University.
100.Nicholas Spykman, America’s Strategy in World Politics: The United States and the Balance of Power [1942] (New York: Routledge, 2017), 18, 7.
101.Nicholas Spykman, “Geography and Foreign Policy, I,” American Political Science Review, February 1938, 29.
102.Spykman, “Geography and Foreign Policy, I,” 43.
103.Spykman, America’s Strategy, 89; also Kaplan, Revenge of Geography, 92.
104.Spykman, America’s Strategy, 3. See also Spykman, “Geography and Foreign Policy, II,” American Political Science Review, April 1938, 213–32.
105.Spykman, America’s Strategy, 6–7.
106.Spykman, America’s Strategy, 121, 154, 194, 196, 389.
107.Robert Kagan, “War and the Liberal Hegemony,” Liberties, Summer 2022.
