82.Steven Rearden, Council of War: A History of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Joint History Office, Department of Defense, 2012, 220.
83.Taylor to Lemnitzer, September 6 and 19, 1961; Carl Kaysen to Taylor, September 5, 1961, EBB 56, DNSA.
84.On the crisis, see Serhii Plokhy, Nuclear Folly: A New History of the Cuban Missile Crisis (New York: Norton, 2021).
85.Thomas Zeiler, Dean Rusk: Defending the American Mission Abroad (Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 2000), 77.
86.Aleksandr Fursenko and Timothy Naftali, One Hell of a Gamble: Khrushchev, Castro, and Kennedy, 1958–1964 (New York: Norton, 1998), ix, 244.
87.Central Committee Meeting, October 23, 1962, Digital Archive, CWIHP.
88.On close calls, see Scott Sagan, The Limits of Safety: Organizations, Accidents, and Nuclear Weapons (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993).
89.Kennedy to Khrushchev, December 28, 1962, FRUS 1961–1963, vol. 6, document 87.
90.Gaddis, Long Peace, 195–214.
91.Walter Lippmann, The Cold War: A Study in U.S. Foreign Policy (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1947), 21–23; also Ronald Spector, A Continent Erupts: Decolonization, Civil War, and Massacre in Postwar Asia, 1945–1955 (New York: Norton, 2023).
92.Odd Arne Westad, The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 54.
93.Hal Brands, Latin America’s Cold War (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010), 23; Peter Rodman, More Precious Than Peace: Fighting and Winning the Cold War in the Third World (New York: Scribner, 1994).
94.John F. Kennedy, Address to Congress, May 25, 1961, APP.
95.Westad, Global Cold War; Piero Gleijeses, Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington, and Africa, 1959–1976 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002); Qiang Zhai, China and the Vietnam Wars, 1950–1975 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005).
96.Paul Thomas Chamberlain, The Cold War’s Killing Fields: Rethinking the Long Peace (New York: HarperCollins, 2018), 1.
97.Jeane Kirkpatrick, Remarks, March 21, 1981, Box 45, Richard Allen Papers, Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University.
98.Address at Johns Hopkins University, April 7, 1965, APP.
99.Mark Atwood Lawrence, The Vietnam War: A Concise International History (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010), 99, 91; Zachary Shore, “Provoking America: Le Duan and the Origins of the Vietnam War,” Journal of Cold War Studies, Fall 2015, esp. 100–101.
100.White House Meeting, September 9, 1964, FRUS 1964–1968, vol. 1, document 343.
101.Henry Kissinger, White House Years (Boston: Little, Brown, 1979), 64.
102.Odd Arne Westad, “Moscow and the Angolan Crisis, 1974–1976: A New Pattern of Intervention,” Cold War International History Project Bulletin 8–9 (Winter 1996/97): 21.
103.Vladislav Zubok, “Soviet Foreign Policy from Détente to Gorbachev,” in Melvyn Leffler and Odd Arne Westad, eds., The Cambridge History of the Cold War, vol. 3 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 101.
104.Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World (New York: Basic Books, 2005), esp. 471.
105.Franklin Roosevelt, Address at Hyde Park, July 4, 1941, APP.
106.Harry S. Truman, Address on Mutual Security Program, March 6, 1952, APP.
107.Kennan to Secretary, February 22, 1946, FRUS 1946, vol. 6, document 475.
108.Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., The Imperial Presidency (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1973), 299; Michael Hogan, A Cross of Iron: Harry S. Truman and the Origins of the National Security State, 1945–1954 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
109.Robert Taft, A Foreign Policy for Americans (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1951), 5; Ellen Schrecker, Many Are the Crimes: McCarthyism in America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998).
