57.Jonathan Bailey, “The First World War and the Birth of Modern Warfare,” in MacGregor Knox and Williamson Murray, eds., The Dynamics of Military Revolution, 1300–2050 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), 132–53.
58.Niall Ferguson, The War of the World: Twentieth-Century Conflict and the Descent of the West (New York: Penguin, 2006), 112.
59.Roger Long, “Introduction,” in Roger Long and Ian Talbot, India and World War I: A Centennial Assessment (New York: Taylor & Francis, 2018), 4; Overy, Blood and Ruins, 14.
60.Strachan, First World War, 336.
61.Adam Tooze, The Deluge: The Great War, America and the Remaking of the Global Order, 1916–1931 (New York: Penguin, 2015), 59; John Horne and Alan Kramer, German Atrocities, 1914: A History of Denial (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2022).
62.George Morton-Jack, Army of Empire: The Untold Story of the Indian Army in World War I (New York: Basic Books, 2018), 10.
63.Edward House to Woodrow Wilson, March 9, 1915, PWW.
64.Nicholas Mulder, The Economic Weapon: The Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2022), 5.
65.Official German Documents, vol. 2, 1107.
66.Wolfgang Mommsen, Imperial Germany, 1867–1918: Politics, Culture, and Society in an Authoritarian State (New York: Bloomsbury, 2009), 209–12; Heinrich Winkler, The Age of Catastrophe: A History of the West, 1914–1945 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015), 10; Robert Kagan, The Ghost at the Feast: America and the Collapse of World Order, 1900–1941 (New York: Random House, 2023).
67.John Keegan, The First World War (New York: Vintage, 2000), 82.
68.Paul Kennedy, “The First World War and the International Power System,” International Security, Summer 1984, 25; Strachan, First World War, 312. Kennedy’s statistics regarding percentage of world manufacturing were compiled using prewar production figures.
69.Meeting of Imperial War Cabinet, March 22, 1917, CAB 23/43, TNA.
70.Quoted in Ministry of Shipping, “The Shipping Crisis: June 1917,” CAB 24/16/75, TNA.
71.George Cassar, Lloyd George at War, 1916–1918 (London: Anthem Press, 2011), 253.
72.Wawro, A Mad Catastrophe, 371; Howard, First World War, 61.
73.Sean McMeekin, The Ottoman Endgame: War, Revolution, and the Making of the Modern Middle East, 1908–1923 (New York: Penguin, 2016), 247.
74.Lloyd George, “Suggestions as to the Military Position,” January 1, 1915, CAB 42/1/8, TNA.
75.David Stevenson, 1917: War, Peace, and Revolution (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017), 384; Gilbert, First World War, 401.
76.Mulder, Economic Weapon, 62.
77.Ian Morris, War: What Is It Good For? Conflict and the Progress of Civilization from Primates to Robots (New York: Macmillan, 2014), 250.
78.Holger Herwig, The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary, 1914–1918 (New York: Bloomsbury, 2009), 249; Michael Neiberg, “1917: Global War,” in Jay Winter, ed., The Cambridge History of World War I, vol. 1 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014).
79.Herwig, First World War, 341; John Mosier, The Myth of the Great War: How the Germans Won the Battles and How the Americans Saved the Allies (New York: Harper Perennial, 2002).
80.Kennedy, Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, 260.
81.Mulder, Economic Weapon, 57.
82.Herwig, First World War, 254.
83.Robin Prior, “1916: Impasse,” in Winter, ed., Cambridge History, vol. 1, 89; McNeil, Pursuit of Power, 323–24.
84.Roger Chickering, Imperial Germany and the Great War, 1914–1918 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014), 83–86.
